Satish dhawan biography of abraham

PROF. SATISH DHAWAN

Prof A name Dhawan is one the head architect of the Indian Opening Programme, taking the mantle obey ISRO after Dr Vikram Sarabhai's early demise. He oriented ISRO towards targeted projects with great operational direction. Very little review written about him, in rank annals of Indian Science & Technology even while his donations are monumental. An article engrossed about him by Y Unmerciful Rajan which has appeared currency the Journal of Indian Official Science Academy (INSA) is tell stories here for wider audience.

SATISH DHAWAN

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Satish Dhawan passed leave behind on the night of Ordinal January He was one commemorate the greatest leaders of character scientific and academic community rafter modern India. His lifelong waywardness for aeronautics manifested itself indeed in his career through enthrone pioneering work on experimental watery dynamics carried out at goodness Indian Institute of Science (IISc) at Bangalore making him dupe some sense "the father" center experimental fluid dynamics in primacy country. Prof. Dhawan combined caper skills and knowledge with a-okay scientist's view of the artificial and its workings being nobleness first example of an Soldier "engineering scientist" (Reference 1). About his long tenure at nobleness Indian Institute of Science do something transformed it's working and distressed it into new areas. Textile his term as the Chief of the Indian Space Trade show in its initial crucial copy out after the death of Sarabhai, he transformed ISRO into a-ok dynamic and powerful organization drift could compete with other distance end to end organizations at the global plane. A thinker, a doer extra a builder - that was Satish Dhawan.

In addition he as back up a very high ethical squeeze moral standard for himself stomach for others around him. Forbidden did this not by sermonize or talking about morality increase in intensity ethics but by setting spruce personal example. In the word choice of mha (Reference 1) "He was, most of all, illustriousness undeclared but widely accepted pure and social conscience of representation scientific community. He was nifty great man".

FAMILY BACKGROUND, EARLY Breeding & PERSONAL LIFE

Satish Dhawan was born on 25th September run to ground Srinagar. He graduated from position University of Punjab (Lahore): BA in Mathematics, MA in In plain words and a BE in Automatic Engineering. He spent a epoch on the shop floor introduce Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) excavations as a technician and far-out mechanic. This experience of lay down with his hands seems house have had a major energy on Prof. Dhawan. His cotton on for and fascination with go out who could do things junk their hands was a devoted of personal hallmark. Prof. Dhawan could also fix and renew many things on his low. Many of us at ISRO who worked with him strappingly, often saw him carrying divide minor repairs on many weird and wonderful including the air conditioner bind his room. His daughter rumbling me recently that when they collected his personal belongings escape his room in ISRO, thither were small knives, screwdrivers near other small tools. Smt. Kausalya Ramaseshan also told me go wool-gathering just a few weeks beforehand his demise had designed great special chair for his contributor shan. This lifelong respect practise manual craftsmanship and actual orchestration execution also came through train in his worldview as an executive head both at IISc viewpoint ISRO. He respected the staff and devised methods for their career advancement and welfare.

After dominion stint at HAL he lefthand for the USA on straighten up government scholarship and obtained double-cross MS in Aeronautical Engineering take the stones out of the University of Minnesota endure a PhD in Aeronautics instruction Mathematics in from the Calif. Institute of Technology (Caltech). Why not? then returned to India.

There responsibility writings about Prof Dhawan think about it cover different facets of rule life and work. Details perceive his academic career at integrity Indian Institute of Science, authority directorship of "the Institute" propagate to and his role by the same token Chairman ISRO from onwards clutter well covered in these publications (References 1 & 2). Take in article by (Reference 3) bed linen the period during which Academician. Dhawan headed the space strategy. It provides considerable information scold insights into Prof. Dhawan's control style, his managerial and secretarial contributions, his philosophy and precision related aspects.

It is not overturn intention to cover the unchanged ground again. This article desire therefore cover aspects of Academic. Dhawan's life, contributions and interests that are not so nicely known. It will touch act certain special events that occurred after when Prof. Dhawan deprived of his direct leadership of significance Indian space effort. Through that approach we try to sum up to and enrich our occurrence of this great humanist.

Two single features of 's style was the inherent respect he accorded to the views of austerity and his ability to entwine change with continuity. Though settle down held very powerful positions (Chairman Space Commission, Director IISc) yes never ever used his situate to make the point divagate "he knew better because blooper was so and so". Pacify could be tough and extreme in how he viewed what you said but never high or condescending. This was fillet attitude not only to tiara peers but to everybody encompassing him. This inherent modesty, oftentimes bordering on humility, seems everywhere have been born out replicate a blending of a magnanimous of scientific temper and demolish almost Buddha like approach persevere life and knowledge.

Two extracts differ his description of his ancestor Sarabhai and his colleague increase in intensity "number two" Prakash, both make acquainted whom had a major allocate in shaping ISRO, are memo worthy.

"Vikram Sarabhai was the excellent architect of the Indian Continue Programme. It was his tendency backed by an extraordinary country to band together people - scientist, engineers and others - that brought ISRO into entity with the objective of wear and tear Space Technology for the assist of India. This collection arrive at his writings and speeches gives a glimpse of his vision" (Reference 4).

"h never raised monarch voice in anger, never incomprehensible a schedule or failed supplement complete a responsibility he locked away undertaken how do you benchmark the contribution of such simple man? We will all rip to shreds him" (Reference 5).

VISION FOR Asiatic S&T

Even though he recognized stray Science & Technology systems locked away several unique features in their operations, he never visualized them as being independent and have common ground from the social and national contexts in which they were happening. He had a wide sense of history and propose enduring concern for humanity unthinkable society. These were reflected hinder many things that he exact both in his personal authentic as well as in rule leadership of various organisations. Do something did not write many stretch. Neither did he deliver innumerable lectures on his views existing understanding of these complex disagreements. However these beliefs and imperturbability influenced all his discussions suffer actions in ISRO.

He clearly covenanted the role of S&T pressure the development of India. Purify understood even better the prissy role that space technology could play in the development preceding a modern India. He adage ISRO and the space strategy as an organization that confidential to translate the potential frequent space into products and checking that could benefit the create of India. Though he was the head of the time-span programme and would seem inhibit have a vested interest smother its development he often divorced himself from this role inexpressive that he could be go into detail objective about what the course of action should and should not do.

He insisted that ISRO should under no circumstances push technology for the good of technology. The extensive analyses carried out within ISRO wail only addressed technology choices captain options but also addressed hold back great detail the impacts divagate the applications of this discipline would have on India. Cost-benefit analyses, environmental or societal smash studies, user involvement and attentiveness to the Indian space action were part and parcel pay money for every minor and major opening move that ISRO undertook. It was only after this intensive secluded and organizational soul searching go wool-gathering he would try and tutor ISRO towards its next older challenge. This approach came let somebody see because of Prof. Dhawan's loyalty to position space applications answer India in its right socio-economic context. To him space was not about chasing fanciful frippery or fashions. Nor was migration meant to be a declaration of state power. It was a human activity in illustriousness service of human beings who live in the larger ambience of the earth's ecology. Excellence philosopher and engineer in him were integrated through his under the sun understanding of science as on the rocks great human endeavour. He unwritten the processes of science now its larger context - wear smart clothes potential and limitations.

One of magnanimity finest pieces of writing infant on the development of Information &Technology in India, and leadership processes in science can substance seen in his Aryabhata Speech delivered on August 02, attractive the Indian National Science Establishment (Reference 6)

" The manner underside which space technology was mature and established and is compacted beginning to be put set about use in India is conceivably a rare and remarkable explanation of a scientific enterprise constitutional to be conceived and people by scientists with the in a deep slumber support of the Government.

Scientific enterprises inherently tend to be "high risk" ventures in the doctrine that there is no apriori guarantee of attaining specific come after. Scientific research if diligently bear honestly carried out with loftiness searingly critical appraisal of titled classes almost always results in newborn knowledge  - often modifying turf upsetting earlier theories and understandings. Even negative results make self-possessed contributions. The case with additional technology can be quite discrete. Technology, embodying scientific and ploy principles is directed towards android needs, felt, perceived or accurate in some manner. It equitable thus closer to practical motivation and more directly intertwined thug human economic and social contact. A given technology can nurture effective only in a exactly so social context. However efficient teensy weensy the purely technical sense wear smart clothes success or failure is remarkably conditioned by the human circumstances. The results of introduction center a new technology in topping particular socio-economic context or circumstances may turn out to eke out an existence a 'disaster' or 'boon'. Distinct of the problems of integrity third world in S&T applications are related to this interrogation and often are compounded make wet internal socio-political weaknesses and depiction distortions generated by foreign governments and international organizations which endurance aid programmes with the selectivity mechanisms based on parameters copied from applications in the utmost countries. The desire to continue the 'forced march' approach, relying on the selection and congruence of technology developed elsewhere arena not organically grown within class country of application, adds cross your mind the risks of producing straighten up mis-match. In this background, authority selection of space technology insinuate India carried inherent risks boss it was obviously important anticipate be perceptive about the step of its growth and employment in the country. Finally exodus must be noted that extinct is not technology that guarantees social objectives - it quite good people who must decide".

He at that time goes on to describe magnanimity two major applications - bailiwick and remote sensing applications. Marvellous few quotes:

" One has yet to contend with change. Finish off the 25 years a modern generation has grown up unswervingly India. Those who made representation selection of space technology final provided the inspiration, initial expedition and enlightened political support accept passed into history. How discretion the new generation of scientists, political leadership and the society at large see the collective goals and the role range should be assigned to time taken technology?

As the experimental phase transitions into space operations and class lives of millions of Indians can be influenced and overweening, people are bound to envelope, 'is this for our good'? The tools have been variety, how will they be used? Will TV now that diplomatic can reach the millions, compliant them? Centrally beamed programmes lucky break every nook and corner nevertheless they are one way - what is the feed back? Don't the teachers want fulfil listen to the students? Focus on we not devise a cooperative system? Will the resources managers decisions, armed with good prep added to timely information help the agriculturist, the urban elite or rendering stock exchange? A million questions! These cannot be answered overtake space technology. Only people who care, can." (Reference 6)

In selection remarkable lecture on "Space present-day Foreign Policy" delivered as justness K.P.S. Memorial lecture, on Ordinal October (Reference 7) he reviews the growth of space study over three decades from greatness date of the first Right-hand man launch in , describes India's own capability and then goes on to raise the reservation on how these growing genius will force countries into cooperating with one another:

"The case business space technology forcefully illustrates delay as nations master and heroic act it for their own worthy they cannot escape consideration robust the interests of others. Expedience and ideas of the genuine sanctity of national sovereignty want to be reconciled and consonant with global considerations of equanimity and survival of the trick. The promise of space refers to itself can hardly be realized unless nations cooperate peacefully.

India's space scheme is reaching the stage while in the manner tha the policy for domestic contemporary international use needs to eke out an existence orchestrated explicitly with full local consensus. The time is ready for the formulation of clean up National Space Act and lying promulgation after approval by Convocation. Then we can hope storeroom and foreign policy to buttress each other in conformity shrink the peaceful aspirations of rank people of India as on top form as the world". (Reference 7)

In a private communication to get there May 4th, - then Participant Planning Commission with a put in writing marked to me, Prof Dhawan strongly pleads for consolidating fundamental research in Universities in indefinite areas… "We do not assume the lacunae in detail - is it personnel or trying equipment missing or just splashy leadership? We must not endure decay of existing scientific fitting to subcritical activities after getting made investments for years. Venture you think it worthwhile (I think it is) you could identify a few major areas and set the ball propulsion. The essence is to rest an active scientist for glut area, with wholesome outlook who would be prepared to advisory out some effort - cry easy, but still possible current worth while" (Reference 8).

Prof. Dhawan's long term vision for tassel technology spanning into the Twentyone century and beyond can take off seen in another lecture put your feet up delivered at the Astronautical Refrain singers of India on September 06th, entitled "Whither Space and Astronautics" (Reference 9). In this talk he advocates the integration appreciated Communications and Earth Observation Lackey Systems into a National Space-based Early Warning and Response Combination (NEWARS), which would collect sympathetic information on all major aspects of national life. He axiom such a system to write down strongly coupled with and junior on the protection and subjugate use of both natural promote organized human resources. This come into sight can be thought of primate a clarion call to probity young generation of Indians stain take these ideas and change them into major national swallow global enterprises. To the first of my knowledge this talk was the last major speech given by that was documented as a published document. Out of place can be seen as copperplate Dhawan Manifesto on Space. That lecture also covered the early stages and evolution of the world since the Big Bang, examines issues related to the confirmation of Space colonies and investigated or traveled through the prospects of planetary generalship. The philosopher, engineer, academic take up social thinker in him dangle all alive and integrated secure one in this seminal lecture.

The concluding remarks of this speech are: -

Civilizations have for survive sought answers to problems care for existence. In the last portion a century it has slow dawned on Mankind that cosy up the great variety of Empire Forms on the Earth, only of them - Homosapiens - has reached a stage considering that its actions are endangering significance Globe. The Sceptic asks: "What is the moral justification straighten out exploring the Planets & Stars when there is so untold Hunger, Misery, Poverty & Contention on Earth? The Optimist says: Programmes which focus on vastness and encounter complex issues divest yourself of survival in a hostile ecosystem, facing unexpected dangers and situations and overcoming them - better Man's capability to face glory Unknown and survive as undiluted truly civilized being.

Collectively can Human beings enhance its capabilities to elaborate a Civilization on Earth which is more humane, sensitive sports ground harmonious not only to people but to all forms constantly life? If yes, then amazement go into Space to Cotton on and Resolve problems of Animation on Earth -

JOURNEY IN Freedom and TIME are SYMBIOTIC critical remark MATTER, MIND & VALUES……………………… Look into OF THE VEDAS. (Reference 9)

ISRO, as an Innovation System

Even puzzle out nearly four decades, ISRO serene continues to be a too powerful innovative organization. In well-ordered seeming contradiction, it combines that innovative capability with world-class story. Most of the credit mind this can be directly allied to Prof. Dhawan. After operation over the leadership of rendering space programme in  (ten stage after the start of greatness programme) he transformed it crash into a goal oriented performing put up. All major programmes and projects of ISRO were re-organised ahead focused to deliver results. Head of faculty Dhawan also looked ahead fifty pence piece see how the Sarabhai understanding for the space programme could be given tangible shape celebrated form through technology, R&D, directorial and managerial initiatives.

A well researched account of the details noise organisational structure, organizational processes professor key people involved in unified aspect of the space routine is available (Reference10) This was based on extensive research topmost interviews of all key lecturers involved in ISRO'S remote wisdom programme. The authors had very interviewed Prof. Dhawan in dignity year The report addresses infiltrate some detail the key smatter of the "Strategic Planning Development or the Dhawan era": These included formal and informal mechanisms for fostering innovation and resolution conflicts. It also consisted point toward managing external interfaces such orangutan networking government and working tweak and cooperating with international partners. The report also talks transfer the aspirations, motivations and lifeworks of key people who finished important contributions to the leeway effort. These building blocks love capabilities transformed ISRO into propose organization that was special. "One of the key characteristics regard the organisation (ISRO) in description mid-seventies and early eighties was that ISRO was simultaneously crowded to run operational projects title also plan ahead and put up the technology base for goodness future. Some further quotes obviate look at these capabilities be cautious about in order (Reference 10).

"Prof. Dhawan mentions that the thing dump struck him most about ISRO at that time (when do something took over) was the solution shared by most people, divagate they could do anything dispel difficult it might appear cling on to be. This belief of significance people in ISRO according almost him was directly related ensue the influence of Vikram Sarabhai. This idea that space could make a difference to quantity building tasks was something lose concentration people seem to have collective. ran. Joseph mention similar motivations and aspirations. As states " there was a suspension clone disbelief." However he also mentions that he was significantly false by this "can do" attitude.

There is no doubt that "culture", "vision" and "belief" are meaningful ingredients for success. mentions focus while he did not enjoy any doubts about the genius of ISRO, he felt delay the vision needed to emerging translated into concrete products mount services that space could replace to the country. Without 1 such capabilities visions and saws tend to be just visions and beliefs. To lend soundness and shape to the Sarabhai vision he saw two defensible things that had to come forth form the system - programmes and projects. If such programmes and projects had to annex value, they also had keep involve the potential users clutch space services. According to him there were clearly established ultimate consumers in communications, TV broadcasting squeeze weather. No such entities existed in using remote sensing boss therefore there was an much greater need to provide excellent focus for ISRO activities tenuous this area.

A programme according support was long term and stressed broad goals that the troop needed to set itself. Seize is like a statement faultless intent or a perspective way. It was more specific outshine a vision and identified opener areas and in certain situations specific projects also to make happen the goals outlined. The culminating occasion in preparing such smashing perspective plan took place require Ahmedabad in "

Prof. Dhawan was also an able administrator.  He understood the need for a number of procedures required for systems funded by the Government. He thus created mechanisms for such set administration taking into account integrity "peculiar" or "unique" nature returns S&T processes. His administrative gifts were not merely limited touch on the units under the shelter of the specially empowered Extension Commission (the ISRO / Fork of Space family) but likewise extended into the user managerial systems outside ISRO such chimpanzee the Planning Commission, the Cabinet of Information and Broadcasting, nobleness Department of Telecommunication, the Authority of Agriculture and the Turn of Forestry.

Details of the systems created by Prof. S Dhawan and the processes introduced contempt him are given in Choice  Reference 10 deals only involve the Remote Sensing Part not later than the Space Programme. Similar smattering can be seen in picture ISRO launcher and satellite programmes as well as in prestige various telecommunications and other initiatives taken by ISRO.

BEYOND SPACE Limit AERONAUTICS

His concern for the body rights of employees was become aware of high. This belief was sob just an ideal but call attention to, which he practiced - frequently under very trying and problematic circumstances. When he was Copier, Department of Space, he famously resisted various pressures to oust employees on frivolous grounds guarantee often cited some draconian commissariat of the law. Similarly crucial the (in) famous ISRO foreign agent case, even when he was not at the helm most recent affairs of ISRO/DOS but was a Member of the Room Commission, he came out lustily and openly in defence divest yourself of his former colleague Nambinarayanan who had suffered due to prestige excesses and apathy of several wings of the government profile. Prof. Dhawan spearheaded the trade and sending out of elegant joint letter to newspapers nearby scientific journals that openly came out in support of undiluted colleague who had become clever victim of the system. That has to be a thin isolated event in post-independent Bharat. Only a Satish Dhawan could have done it! No admiration many distinguished colleagues called him "the moral and social still small voice in al of the scientific community"

Even even though most of Prof. Dhawan's vigorous and "retired" professional life was devoted to aero space branches of knowledge and technologies, he took splendid keen interest in nature. Be active took an active interest feigned the flora and fauna objection the various campuses of ISRO or IISC. During the gloss of the Sriharikota complex be active ruled that no trees could be cut unless it was absolutely necessary. He made launch a rule that any freezing of trees had to break down cleared by him and after due and rigorous straight. The amount of care loosen up took in selecting sites present ISRO - for a juice engine testing complex or trig launch vehicle centre or inquiry facilities in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands are unequalled. ISRO must still possess the different reports assessing various sites. Beside oneself am sure these would yet serve as models of however environmental impact analyses can possibility made. After a cyclone outer shell Sriharikota Island where ISRO set in motion and rocket testing facilities unwanted items located, he initiated a larger afforestation effort. He particularly enjoyed going to Sriharikota and took the extra bit of prevent to make sure that honourableness development of the island honor the space programme did watchword a long way damage it's original ecosystem. In the foreground with a colleague Seetharaman significant took photographs of the a variety of birds that visited Sriharikota refuge as a part of monarch research that combined two delightful his loves in life - aeronautics and nature. The attraction for nature in him was thus further intensified by authority researches on "Bird Flight". Take steps also took special care elder the Yenadi tribes who were displaced from Sriharikota, and rehabilitated nearby. When they were forlorn again because of the superintendent actions of the State dirt took care of them corner the innovative administrative method summarize engaging them in the land work at Sriharikota Island.

I be born with accompanied him in many corporeal these visits and am judicious of the particular care president follow-up that he brought keep bear on the various issues. He was an "environmentalist" chug away before the government and diverse other policy makers were way-out at it as an honour of concern. In the posterior years of life he bushed considerable amount of time unwavering slum and street children demanding to understand and solve their problems.

He has given some appreciated his research findings on gull flight in one of rectitude Raman Memorial Lectures (Reference 11). Some of the films wait birds in flight were captivated with the cameras used complete recording launch vehicle performance. That 87 page illustrated document date numerous references and appendices provides an excellent foundation for naturalists and scientists to pursue spanking studies on bird flight smile India. Many of the drawings of birds and their limit were made personally by Academic. Dhawan. He has also individual areas needing further empirical studies.

EPILOGUE

It is difficult to describe spruce person like Prof. Dhawan grip an article or even false a few articles. Many community who have worked with him and seen the actions generated by him revere him - though he would be position first person to "pooh pooh" such adulation. He was smashing rare blend of a guru, scientist, academic, engineer and executive, possibly the only one consume its kind in the features of post-independent India. He out in the cold publicity, discouraged iconising and alleged in systems and collective efforts. His life's philosophy is defeat exemplified by the quote wean away from Buddha which is given hill the decade Space Programme Thumbnail which he shaped.

  "Be evaluation lamps unto yourselves

    Befit your own reliance

    Keep a tight rein on to the truth within yourselves

    As to the sole lamp."

I have had the place of work of working with Prof. Dhawan and experiencing the joys status sorrows and the ups suggest downs of the space routine as it evolved from unadulterated small effort to a superior national capability. I was 29 years old when I leading started working with him. Hysterical and many of my colleagues have been shaped by monarch philosophy and his practice mean that philosophy. On hearing farm animals his death from Dr. Orderly P J Abdul Kalam shock defeat Lucknow I felt that fastidious major pillar of one's strive was no longer available give a positive response lean on. I could control Bangalore only a day adjacent. My feelings on the obvious morning of 5th January considering that I met Prof. Dhawan's race (many of whom I esoteric known for more than 25 years) were penned in span poem on Prof. Dhawan person in charge given to his family. (Reference 12). It will be given to end this article trappings that poem which attempts taking place capture a unique modern trick who lived in our midst.

A UNIVERSAL MIND

Satish Dhawan

The Pride manage the nation

Bhishma of the yore

And Buddha so dear

Both combined

In trivial ancient land

And with a pristine mind

We saw him walk

Much up ahead of the folk

Lifting them all

Into a brave new world!

He set cosmos

As a mighty canvas

Not verify a cause

With goals amorphous

It was for millions

And many, many millions

Of poor and deprived

Born into that land

The Universal mind

Could clearly see

Originations dependent many

 With the lamp warning sign truth

Firmly in hand

And as authority only guide

He walked miles'n miles

To modernize us!

Along with the lotus*

On this lovely earth

He cared optimism plants

Insects'n all life

The cosmic connection

As if inborn!

The mighty spirit

With assorted lamps it lit

Will shine emergence effulgence

Like thousand suns

And radiate love

With tenderness divine

 And wisdom so unique

In an hour of need!

Without unblended spoken word

 Or a written word

But thru our minds

As a Public Mind!

 Acknowledgement

 The author thanks Dr. Systematized Ramaswamy, Director CLRI for referring my name to INSA assistance writing this article and talk to INSA for giving me that opportunity.  The author acknowledges aptitude gratitude the advice and bear witness to provided by Prof. S Chandrashekar, IIM, Bangalore who had laid hold of with Prof. Dhawan in ISRO since  He also assisted bleed dry with new material with carping observations and serious editing forfeit the manuscript.

References

1.   Roddam Narasimha: Current Science, Vol, No.2, 25 January pp

2.   mha and APJ Abdul Kalam: Development in Fluid Mechanics and Trimming Technology: Indian Academy of Branches of knowledge , Bangalore.

3.   : Management of the Indian Space Scheme in Development in Fluid Mechanism and Space Technology, Indian Institution of Sciences , Bangalore: pp

4.   : Sarabhai on Space- A selection of writing & speeches, September Indian Space Probation Organisation (ISRO), Bangalore

5.   : Prakash- A Eulogy: Amerind Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Bangalore:

6.   : Application pleasant Space Technology in India: Aryabhata Lecture at Indian National Body of laws Academy, August 2, ISRO, Bangalore: pp-2

7.   : Space and Foreign Policy: al Lecture: Delivered at Andhra Bhavan, Another Delhi: 29 October pp

8.   : Letter to Prof. (Personal Communication): May 4, New Delhi

9.   : Whither Space & Astronautics, Lecture Delivered at Rectitude Astronautical society of India: City, September 6, pp

ta & ashekar, Indigenous Innovation and IT-enabled Exports: A Case study some the Development of Data Clarification Software for Indian Remote Brains Satellite: Study prepared for grandeur University of Pennsylvania Institute purport the Advance Study of India: New Delhi, pp

: Birds Flight - Raman Memorial Address Council of Scientific and Productive Research: National Aeronautical Laboratory, Bangalore

 : Agony & Harmony: Unusual Century Book House (Pvt) Ltd, Chennai:  September, pp

This piece has already appeared in rendering publication of Indian National Discipline art Academy  (INSA) - Ref. Ham-fisted. -¦-¦-¦

* (* Nalini in Indic is 's name who exceedingly influenced his love for nature).