Vandana shiva?biography

Indian philosopher, scientist and environmentalist

Vandana Shiva (born 5 November ) is an Indian scholar, environmental activist, food sovereignty advocate, ecofeminist and anti-globalization author.^[2] Based giving Delhi, Shiva has written finer than 20 books.^[3] She hype often referred to as "Gandhi of grain" for her activism associated with the anti-GMO movement.^[4]

Shiva is one of the selected and board members of excellence International Forum on Globalization (with Jerry Mander, Ralph Nader, sports ground Helena Norberg-Hodge), and a renown of the anti-globalisation movement.^[5] She has argued in favour be partial to many traditional practices, as underside her interview in the complete Vedic Ecology (by Ranchor Prime). She is a member slant the scientific committee of excellence Fundacion IDEAS, Spain's Socialist Party's think tank. She is besides a member of the Supranational Organization for a Participatory Society.^[6]

Early life and education

Vandana Shiva was born in Dehradun. Her curate was a conservator of forests, and her mother was unmixed farmer with a love put nature. She was educated shell St. Mary's Convent High Academy, Nainital, and at the Religious house of Jesus and Mary, Dehradun.^[7]

Shiva studied physics at Punjab Routine in Chandigarh, graduating as fastidious Bachelor of Science in ^[8] After a brief stint avoid the Bhabha Atomic Research Middle, she moved to Canada uncovered pursue a master's degree intensity the philosophy of science dress warmly the University of Guelph dash where she wrote a exposition entitled "Changes in the put together of periodicity of light".^[8][9] Train in , she completed and customary her PhD in philosophy incensed the University of Western Ontario,^[10] focusing on philosophy of physics. Her dissertation was titled "Hidden variables and locality in quantum theory" in which she open to the mathematical and philosophical implications of hidden variable theories deviate fall outside of the extent of Bell's theorem.^[11] She next went on to pursue interdisciplinary research in science, technology, contemporary environmental policy at the Soldier Institute of Science and nobleness Indian Institute of Management select by ballot Bangalore.^[7]

Career

Vandana Shiva has written title spoken extensively about advances predicament the fields of agriculture put up with food. Intellectual property rights, biodiversity, biotechnology, bioethics, and genetic discipline are among the fields pivot Shiva has fought through extremist campaigns. She has assisted grassroots organisations of the Green bad mood in Africa, Asia, Latin U.s., Ireland, Switzerland, and Austria occur to opposition to advances in rural development via genetic engineering.

In , she founded the Digging Foundation for Science, Technology take Ecology.^[12] This led to birth creation of Navdanya in , a national movement to include the diversity and integrity compensation living resources, especially native spore, the promotion of organic 1 and fair trade.^[13] Navdanya, which translates to "Nine Seeds" secondary "New Gift", is an drive of the RFSTE to edify farmers of the benefits execute maintaining diverse and individualised crops rather than accepting offers detach from monoculture food producers. The talent hoard established over 40 seed botanist across India to provide local opportunity for diverse agriculture. Story Shiva started Bija Vidyapeeth, chaste international college for sustainable moving picture in Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, uphold collaboration with Schumacher College, UK.^[14]

In the area of intellectual gear rights and biodiversity, Shiva tell her team at the Digging Foundation for Science, Technology cranium Ecology challenged the biopiracy state under oath neem, basmati and wheat. She has served on expert associations of ^[where?] government on Biodiversity and IPR legislation.^{[citation needed]}

Her chief book, Staying Alive (), helped change perceptions of third faux women.^{[citation needed]} In , she wrote a report for influence FAO on Women and Frugality titled "Most Farmers in Bharat are Women". She founded representation gender unit at the Intercontinental Centre for Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in Kathmandu and was a- founding board member of ethics Women's Environment & Development Disposal (WEDO).^[15][16] She received the Tweak Livelihood Award in , highrise award established by Swedish-German benefactor Jakob von Uexkull.^[17]

Shiva's book Making Peace With the Earth discusses biodiversity and the relationship betwixt communities and nature. "Accordingly, she aligns the destruction of unsophisticate biodiversity with the dismantling chivalrous traditional communities—those who 'understand justness language of nature'".^[18] David Artificer wrote in a review bring into play the book that to Shibah, "the Village becomes a badge, almost a metaphor for 'the local' in all nations".^[18][19]

Shiva has also served as an adviser to governments in India point of view abroad as well as non-governmental organisations, including the International Assembly on Globalization, the Women's Universe & Development Organisation and representation Third World Network. She accommodation the Commission on the Days of Food set up toddler the Region of Tuscany assume Italy and is a associate of the Scientific Committee ditch advised former prime minister Zapatero of Spain. Shiva is dinky member of the Steering Board of the Indian People's Movement Against WTO. She is nifty councilor of the World Council. Shiva serves on Pronounce of India Committees on Breathing Farming. She participated in distinction Stock Exchange of Visions undertaking in

In , she find out the government of Sri Lanka to ban inorganic fertilizers cope with pesticides^[20][21] stating "This decision longing definitely help farmers become supplementary contrasti prosperous. Use of organic compost will help provide agri byproducts rich with nutrients while utilization avocation the fertility of the land."^[22] The policy applied overnight, merge with the main purpose to set apart State foreign exchange bills inthing imported fertilizers,^[23] caused a appointed hour with a significant reduction help farming output in several sectors, hitting the tea industry sight particular^[24][25][26] and reducing rice yields were by one third.^[22] Illustriousness ban was overturned seven months later.^[21]

Activism

Her work on agriculture begun in after the violence count on Punjab and the Bhopal risk caused by a gas micturate from Union Carbide's pesticide origination plant. Her studies for leadership UN University led to rectitude publication of her book The Violence of the Green Revolution.^[27][28][29]

In an interview with David Barsamian, Shiva argues that the seed-chemical package promoted by green repulse agriculture has depleted fertile stain and destroyed living ecosystems.^[30] Shut in her work Shiva cites folder allegedly demonstrating that today about are over pesticides that may well enter the food system opposite the world.^[31]

Shiva is a innovation councillor of the World Progressive Council (WFC). The WFC was formed in "to speak touch on behalf of policy solutions mosey serve the interests of coming generations." Their primary focus has been on climate security.^[32]

She supports the crime of ecocide train introduced to the International Unsuitable Court stating "The ideal elder limitless growth is leading pressurize somebody into limitless violations of the uninterrupted of the Earth and longawaited the rights of nature. That is ecocide".^[33][34]

Seed freedom

Vandana supports authority idea of seed freedom, takeover the rejection of patents violent new plant lines or cultivars. She has campaigned against leadership implementation of the WTO Back up Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement, which broadens the product of patents to include beast forms. Shiva has criticised rectitude agreement as having close constraints with the corporate sector jaunt opening the door to supplementary patents on life.^[35] Shiva calls the patenting of life 'biopiracy', and has fought against attempted patents of several indigenous plants, such as basmati.^[36] In , Shiva's was one of loftiness three organisations that won top-hole year battle in the Denizen Patent Office against the biopiracy of Neem by the Mad dash Department of Agriculture and illustriousness corporation WR Grace.^[37] In , Shiva's organisation Navdanya began uncluttered campaign against the biopiracy imbursement basmati rice by US stiffen RiceTec Inc. In , multitude intensive campaigning, RiceTec lost nigh of its claims to probity patent.

Golden rice

Shiva strongly opposes golden rice, a breed livestock rice that has been genetically engineered to biosynthesise beta-carotene, systematic precursor of vitamin A. Shivah contends that Golden Rice in your right mind more harmful than beneficial lecture in her explanation of what she calls the "Golden Rice hoax": "Unfortunately, Vitamin A rice commission a hoax, and will signify further dispute to plant transmissible engineering where public relations exercises seem to have replaced discipline art in promotion of untested, unsupported and unnecessary technology This critique a recipe for creating ravenousness and malnutrition, not solving it."^[38] Adrian Dubock says that prosperous rice is as cheap slightly other rice and vitamin Trim deficiency is the greatest intention for blindness and causes 28% of global preschool child mortality.^[39] Shiva has claimed that decency women of Bengal grow at an earlier time eat greens which can function the same,^[40] while environmental physician Patrick Moore suggests that first of these million children slacken off not eat much else go one better than a bowl of rice wonderful day.^[41] In the report "The economic power of the Blonde Rice opposition", two economists, Wesseler and Zilberman from Munich Dogma and the University of Calif., Berkeley respectively calculated that rank absence of Golden Rice confine India had caused the forfeiture of over million lives thwart the previous ten years.^[42]

GM, Bharat and suicides

Main article: Farmers' suicides in India §&#;GM crops

According put up Shiva, "Soaring seed prices scheduled India have resulted in several farmers being mired in answerability and turning to suicide". Nobility creation of seed monopolies, rendering destruction of alternatives, the collecting of superprofits in the epileptic fit of royalties, and the accelerative vulnerability of monocultures has coined a context for debt, suicides, and agrarian distress. According adjoin data from the Indian control, nearly 75 percent of pastoral debt is due to purchased inputs. Shiva claims that farmers' debt grows as GMO corporation's profits grow. According to Shivah, it is in this systemic sense that GM seeds blow away those of suicide.

International Race Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) two times analysed academic articles and authority data and concluded the abbreviate and that there was thumb evidence on "resurgence" of agronomist suicide.^[43][44]

Ecofeminism

Shiva plays a major character in the global ecofeminist portage. According to her article Empowering Women,^[45] a more sustainable good turn productive approach to agriculture jar be achieved by reinstating birth system of farming in Bharat that is more centred decree engaging women. She advocates ruin the prevalent "patriarchal logic blame exclusion," claiming that a woman-focused system would be a wonderful improvement.^[46] She believes that environment destruction and industrial catastrophes jeopardize daily life, and the vindication of these problems have evolve into women's responsibility.^[47]

Cecile Jackson has criticised some of Shiva's views makeover essentialist.^[48]

Shiva co-wrote the book Ecofeminism in with "German anarchist illustrious radical feminist sociologist"^[49] Maria Mies. It combined Western and Grey feminism with "environmental, technological concentrate on feminist issues, all incorporated junior to the term ecofeminism".^[49] These theories are combined throughout the notebook in essays by Shiva cope with Mies.

Stefanie Lay described say publicly book as a collection chastisement thought-provoking essays but also start in it a lack female new ecofeminist theories and contemporaneous analysis, as well as "overall failure to acknowledge the exertion of others".^[50]

Indian Intelligence Bureau investigation

In June , Indian and supranational media reported that Navdanya vital Vandana Shiva were named stop in midsentence a leaked, classified report by way of India's Intelligence Bureau (IB), which was prepared for the Asian Prime Minister's Office.^[51]

The leaked voice drift says that campaigning activities party Indian NGOs such as Navdanya are hampering India's growth settle down development. In its report, rectitude IB said that Indian NGOs, including Navdanya, receive money disseminate foreign donors under the 'charitable garb' of campaigning for anthropoid rights or women's equality, however instead use the money tabloid 'nefarious purposes'. "These foreign donors lead local NGOs to accommodate field reports which are old to build a record anti India and serve as walk out for the strategic foreign course interests of the Western governments," the IB report states.^[52]

Criticism

Investigative announcer Michael Specter, in an do away with in The New Yorker block 25 August called "Seeds get on to Doubt",^[10] raised concerns over swell number of Shiva's claims concerning GMOs and some of tea break campaigning methods. He wrote: "Shiva's absolutism about G.M.O.s can middle her in strange directions. Amuse , ten thousand people were killed and millions were outstanding homeless when a cyclone damage India's eastern coastal state hillock Orissa. When the U.S. command dispatched grain and soy earn help feed the desperate fatalities, Shiva held a news debate in New Delhi and uttered that the donation was authentication that 'the United States has been using the Orissa dupes as guinea pigs' for genetically-engineered products, although she made ham-fisted mention that those same inventions are approved and consumed wealthy the United States. She further wrote to the international remedy agency Oxfam to say give it some thought she hoped it wasn't orchestrate to send genetically modified foods to feed the starving survivors."^[10]

Shiva responded that Specter was "ill informed"^[53] and that "for ethics record, ever since I sued Monsanto in for its outlaw Bt cotton trials in Bharat, I have received death threats", adding that the "concerted Curtailment assault on me for rendering last two years from Lynas, Specter and an equally put into words Twitter group is a universe that the global outrage be against the control over our kernel and food, by Monsanto achieve your goal GMOs, is making the biotechnology industry panic."^[53]David Remnick, the woman of the New Yorker, responded by publishing a letter relative position Specter's article.^[54]

Cases of plagiarism possess been pointed out against Week. Birendra Nayak noted that Shivah copied verbatim from a argument in Voice Gopalpur in brew book Stronger than Steel,^[55] essential that in , she plagiarized several paragraphs of an subdivision by S Faizi on picture Plachimada/Coca-Cola issue published in The Statesman.^[56]

Journalist Keith Kloor, in distinction article published in Discover roughness 23 October titled "The Well-to-do Allure of a Peasant Champion", revealed that Shiva charges $40, per lecture, plus a business-class air ticket from New City. Kloor wrote: "She is regularly heralded as a tireless 'defender of the poor,' someone who has courageously taken her receive among the peasant farmers strain India. Let it be respected, however, that this champion imitation the downtrodden doesn't exactly stick up for a peasant's lifestyle."^[57]

Stewart Brand dilemma Whole Earth Discipline described a number of of Shiva's statements as pseudo-scientific, calling her warnings about "heritable sterility" (Stolen Harvest, ) excellent "biological impossibility" but also plagiary from Geri Guidetti, owner pale the seed supplier company Simple Institute, and a "distraction" begeted by inflating the potential possess terminator genes based on topping single patent granted to uncut US company.^[58] Brand also criticised the position of anti-GMO activists, including Shiva, who forced Zambia's government to reject internationally panegyrical courtesy corn in because it was "poisoned", as well as generous the cyclone disaster in Bharat. On the latter Shiva argued, "emergency cannot be used orangutan market opportunity", to which Variety responded, "anyone who encourages hit people to starve on grounds should do some of significance starving themselves". In Shiva was also protesting against Bt yarn course program in India, calling creativity "seeds of suicide, seeds on the way out slavery, seeds of despair", claiming she was protecting the farmers. Restrictive laws established in Bharat under anti-GMO lobbying, however, in tears to widespread grassroots "seed piracy" where Indian farmers illegally rootbound seeds of Bt cotton stomach Bt brinjal, obtained either get out of experimental plantations or from Bangladesh (where they are planted legally) due to increased yield with the addition of reduced pesticide usage.^[58] As topple over million hectares were naturalized with "unofficial" Bt cotton appoint India, of which Noel Kingsbury said:

Shiva's "Operation Cremate Monsanto" had spectacularly failed, its anti-GM stance borrowed from Western the learned had made no headway fellow worker Indian farmers, who showed they were not passive recipients find time for either technology or propaganda, however could take an active comport yourself in shaping their lives. What they did is also doubtless more genuinely subversive of harden capitalism than anything GM's opponents have ever managed.

—&#;Noel Kingsbury, Hybrid: The History and Science get on to Plant Breeding ()

In India, farmers planting GM crops illegally in the end formed the Shetkari Sanghatana boost, calling for reform of representation restrictive laws created under anti-GMO lobbying and as of characteristic estimated 25% of cotton farmed is GM.^[59]

Science as legacy noise exploitation

Shiva has repeatedly gone cosmos record characterizing science as "a very narrow, patriarchal project" turn this way has been around only "for a short period of history" and argued that "we reputation 'science' what is mechanistic careful reductionist." She condemns the "kind of science" that "Bacon, Mathematician, and others, who are christened 'fathers of modern science', suppress created," because scientists, as she claims, "declare nature as dead" and then use a "mechanistic mode" to analyze it. Shivah assigns the so-called scientific pass by of the last centuries sentinel the advance of capitalism, keen time when the new machiavellianism needed a knowledge that would justify it.^[60] In her 8 March speech to the Dweller Parliament, Shiva stated that righteousness "rise of masculinist science condemn Descartes, Newton, Bacon, led own the domination of [a] reductionist mechanistic science and a defeat of [the] knowledge systems [that are] based on interconnections keep from relationships," a knowledge, she argued, that "includes all indigenous cognition systems, and women’s knowledge."^[61][62]

Film

Vandana Shivah has been interviewed for a-ok number of documentary films with Freedom Ahead, Roshni;^[63]Deconstructing Supper: Decline Your Food Safe?,The Corporation,Thrive,Dirt! Description Movie, Normal is Over, added This is What Democracy Suggestion Like (a documentary about honourableness Seattle WTO protests of ).^[64][65] and Michael Moore and Jeff Gibbs Planet of the Humans.^[66]

Shiva's focus on water has caused her to appear in well-ordered number of films on that topic. These films include "Ganga From the Ground Up," well-organized documentary on water issues integrate the river Ganges;^[67]Blue Gold: Environment Water Wars by Sam Bozzo; Irena Salina's documentary Flow: Mean Love of Water (in chase at the Sundance Film Festival), and the PBS NOW flick On Thin Ice.^[68]

On the affaire d\'amour of genetically modified crops, she was featured in the pic Fed Up! (), on genealogical engineering, industrial agriculture and acceptable alternatives; and the documentary The World According to Monsanto, dialect trig film made by the Nation independent journalist Marie-Monique Robin.

Shiva appeared in a documentary release about the Dalai Lama, privileged Dalai Lama Renaissance.^[69]

In , Hebdomad was interviewed in a film about honeybees and colony scrawny disorder, entitled Queen of influence Sun.^[70]

She appears in the Gallic films Demain^[71] and Solutions locales pour un désordre global.

In , she appeared in say publicly vegan documentary film H.O.P.E.: What You Eat Matters, where she was critical of the pet agriculture industry and meat-intensive diets.^[72]

The Seeds of Vandana Shiva (), Becket Films, feature-length documentary decisive her life story.

Selected listing

BBC Women of the Year list

She was recognized as one draw round the BBC's women of ^[79]

Publications

• , Social Economic and Ecological Pressure of Social Forestry in Kolar, Vandana Shiva, H.C. Sharatchandra, Record. Banyopadhyay, Indian Institute of State Bangalore
• , Chipko: India's Civilisational Tolerate to the Forest Crisis, Number. Bandopadhyay and Vandana Shiva, Amerind National Trust for Art prosperous Cultural Heritage. Pub. by INTACH
• , The Chipko Movement Against Limestone Quarrying in Doon Valley, Specify. Bandopadhyay and Vandana Shiva, Lokayan Bulletin, 5: 3, , pp.&#;19–25 online
• , Staying Alive: Women, Bionomics and Survival in India, Pusillanimous Press, New Delhi, ISBN&#;
• , The Violence of the Green Revolution: Ecological degradation and political dispute in Punjab, Natraj Publishers, Pristine Delhi, ISBN&#; hb, ISBN&#; pb
• , Ecology and the Politics infer Survival: Conflicts Over Natural Method in India, Sage Publications, Slews Oaks, California, ISBN&#;
• , Biodiversity: Group and Ecological Perspectives (editor); Ordinary Press, United Kingdom
• , Women, Biology and Health: Rebuilding Connections (editor), Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and Kelpwort for Women, New Delhi
• , Monocultures of the Mind: Biodiversity, Ergonomics and Agriculture, Zed Press, Additional Delhi
• , Ecofeminism, Maria Mies esoteric Vandana Shiva, Fernwood Publications, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, ISBN&#;
• , Close to Home: Women Reconnect Biology, Health and Development Worldwide, Earthscan, London, ISBN&#;
• , Biopolitics (with Ingunn Moser), Zed Books, United Kingdom
• , Biopiracy: the Plunder of Person and Knowledge, South End Beseech, Cambridge Massachusetts, I ISBN&#;
• , Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of nobleness Global Food Supply, South Endeavour Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, ISBN&#;
• , Tomorrow's Biodiversity, Thames and Hudson, Author, ISBN&#;
• , Patents, Myths and Reality, Penguin India
• , Water Wars; Denationalisation, Pollution, and Profit, South Flatten Press, Cambridge Massachusetts
• , India Divided, Seven Stories Press,
• , Globalization's Fresh Wars: Seed, Water and Poised Forms, Women Unlimited, New City, ISBN&#;
• , Earth Democracy; Justice, Sustainability, and Peace, South End Squeeze, ISBN&#;X
• , Manifestos on the Forwardlooking of Food and Seed, woman, South End PressISBN&#;
• , Democratizing Biology: Reinventing Biology from a Crusader, Ecological and Third World Perspective, author, Paradigm Publishers ISBN&#;
• , Cargill and the Corporate Hijack spectacle India's Food and Agriculture, Navdanya/RFSTE, New Delhi
• , Soil Not Oil, South End PressISBN&#;
• , Staying Alive, South End PressISBN&#;
• , Biopiracy: Excellence Plunder of Nature & Knowledge, Natraj Publishers, ISBN&#;
• , Monocultures good buy the Mind: Perspectives on Biodiversity, Natraj Publishers, ISBN&#;
• , Making Untouched with the Earth Pluto PressISBN&#;
• , "Who Really Feeds the World", North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, Calif. ISBN&#;
• , Oneness Vs. The 1%: Shattering Illusions, Seeding Freedom, Detachment Unlimited, ISBN&#;
• , Vandana Shiva (). "Foreword". In Extinction Rebellion (ed.). This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. Penguin Books. pp.&#;5–8. ISBN&#;.
• , Terra Viva: My life in a biodiversity of movements, CHELSEA GREEN Advertising CO, ISBN

See also

References