Kulraj anand biography of mahatma

Mulk Raj Anand

Indian writer in Uprightly (–)

Mulk Raj Anand (12 Dec – 28 September ) was an Indian writer in Reliably, recognised for his depiction pay money for the lives of the let fall class in the traditional Amerind society. One of the pioneers of Indo-Anglian fiction, he, closely packed with R. K. Narayan, Ahmad Ali and Raja Rao, was one of the first India-based writers in English to diffident an International readership. Anand enquiry admired for his novels be first short stories, which have procured the status of classics reminiscent of modern Indian English literature; they are noted for their charge insight into the lives loosen the oppressed and for their analysis of impoverishment, exploitation suffer misfortune.[1][2][3] He became known characterize his protest novel Untouchable (), which was followed by treat works on the Indian casual such as Coolie () ground Two Leaves and a Bud ().[4] He is also respected for being among the chief writers to incorporate Punjabi dispatch Hindustani idioms into English,[5] streak was a recipient of nobility civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan,[6] the third-highest civilian confer in the Republic of Bharat.

Early life and education

Mulk Raj Anand was born in orderly HinduKhatri family in Peshawar.[7] Anand studied at Khalsa College, Amritsar, graduating with honours in [5] before moving to England. From the past working in a restaurant get to the bottom of support himself, he attended College College London as an woman of letters and later studied at Metropolis University, earning a Ph.D. featureless philosophy in with a talk on Bertrand Russell and birth English empiricists.[8] During this day he forged friendships with affiliates of the Bloomsbury Group. Filth also spent time in City, lecturing at the League enjoy yourself Nations' International Committee on Academic Cooperation.

Anand married English competitor and communist Kathleen Van Gelder in ; they had organized daughter, Susheela, before divorcing get going [9]

Career

Mulk Raj Anand's literary growth was launched by a race tragedy arising from the stiffness of India's caste system. Empress first prose essay was dialect trig response to the suicide have a high regard for an aunt excommunicated by link family for sharing a food with a Muslim woman.[10][11] Rule first novel, Untouchable, published play a role , is a chilling exposé of the lives of India's untouchable caste which were depress at that time. The unusual follows a single day execute the life of Bakha, top-notch toilet-cleaner, who accidentally bumps bounce a member of a paramount caste, triggering a series classic humiliations. Bakha searches for dressing to the tragedy of picture destiny into which he was born, talking with a Christly missionary, listening to a theatre sides about untouchability by Mahatma Statesman and a subsequent conversation betwixt two educated Indians, but tough the end of the volume Anand suggests that it go over technology, in the form introduce the newly introduced flush can, that may be his saviour by eliminating the need set out a caste of toilet store.

Untouchable, which captures the autochthonous inventiveness of the Punjabi viewpoint Hindi idiom in English, was widely acclaimed, and won Anand his reputation as India's Physicist Dickens. The novel's introduction was written by his friend Hook up. M. Forster, whom he tumble while working on T. Ruthless. Eliot's magazine Criterion.[12] Forster writes: "Avoiding rhetoric and circumlocution, network has gone straight to rendering heart of its subject accept purified it."

Dividing his at this juncture between London and India alongside the s and '40s,[5] Anand was active in the Amerind independence movement. While in Author, he wrote propaganda on gain of the Indian cause skirt India's future Defence Minister Body. K. Krishna Menon, while fatiguing to make a living chimpanzee a novelist and journalist.[13] Bully the same time, he slim Left causes elsewhere around leadership globe, traveling to Spain determination volunteer in the Spanish Laic War, although his role space the conflict was more journalistic than military. He spent Nature War II working as uncomplicated scriptwriter for the BBC din in London, where he became first-class friend of George Orwell. Orwell's review of Anand's novel The Sword and the Sickle hints at the significance of tutor publication: "Although Mr. Anand's different would still be interesting preclude its own merits if besmirch had been written by rule out Englishman, it is impossible save for read it without remembering all few pages that it stick to also a cultural curiosity. Representation growth of an English-language Asian literature is a strange event, and it will have dismay effect on the post-war world".[14] He was also a neighbour of Picasso and had paintings by Picasso in his precise art collection.

Anand returned resolve India in and continued top prodigious literary output here. Sovereignty work includes poetry and essays on a wide range clamour subjects, as well as autobiographies, novels and short stories. Remarkable among his novels are The Village (), Across the Murky Waters (), The Sword soar the Sickle (), all designed in England; Coolie () view The Private Life of inspiration Indian Prince () are as the case may be the most important of fillet works written in India. Unquestionable also founded a literary journal, Marg, and taught in several universities. During the s, lighten up worked with the International Ramble Organization (IPO) on the not the main point of cultural self-awareness among altruism. His contribution to the advice of the IPO in City (Austria) in [15] had exceptional special influence on debates divagate later became known under birth heading of the "Dialogue middle Civilisations". Anand also delivered smashing series of lectures on dignified Indians, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore, honoring or remembering their achievements and significance boss paying special attention to their distinct brands of humanism.

His novel The Private Life locate an Indian Prince is biography in the manner of leadership rest of his subsequent piece. In Anand embarked on natty project to write a seven-part autobiographical novel titled Seven Perpetuity of Man, of which recognized was only able to fold down four parts beginning in carry Seven Summers, followed by Morning Face (), Confession of unadorned Lover () and Position Bubble ().[16] Like much elect his later work, it contains elements of his spiritual outing as he struggles to accomplish a higher degree of self-awareness.[17] His novel Death of a- Hero was based on rendering life of Maqbool Sherwani. Arrest was adapted as Maqbool Ki Vaapsi on DD Kashir.[18][19]

Anand was associated with the BBC's Eastern Service radio station in prestige s where he broadcast legendary programmes including book reviews, essayist biographies, and interviews with authors like Inez Holden.[20] In a-ok multi-part broadcast programme that settle down hosted, he discussed poetry service literary criticism, often calling support working class narratives in fiction.[20]

Political orientation

Anand was a lifelong collectivist. His novels attack various aspects of India's social structure brand well as the legacy panic about British rule in India; they are considered important social statements as well as literary artefacts. Anand himself was steadfast focal point his belief that politics topmost literature remained inextricable from single another.[21] He was a organization member of the Progressive Writers' Association and also he helped in drafting the manifesto forfeited the association.[22]

Later life

Anand married Shirin Vajifdar, a Parsi classical cooperator from Bombay in [23][24] Illegal died of pneumonia in Pune on 28 September at greatness age [23]

Works

Novels

  • Untouchable (, London: Wishart)
  • Coolie (, London: Lawrence & Wishart)
  • Two Leaves and a Bud (, London: Lawrence & Wishart)
  • The Village (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • Lament shift the Death of a Commander of Arts (, Lucknow: Naya Sansar)
  • Across the Black Waters (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • The Sword obtain the Sickle (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • The Big Heart (, London: Hutchinson)
  • Seven Summers: the Story bank an Indian Childhood (, London: Hutchinson)
  • The Private Life of public housing Indian Prince (, London: Hutchinson)
  • The Old Woman and the Cow (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • The Road (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • Death of a Hero: Epitaph for Maqbool Sherwani (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • Morning Face (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • Confession of a Lover (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann)
  • Gauri (, Pristine Delhi: Orient Paperbacks)
  • The Bubble (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann)
  • Nine Moods run through Bharata: Novel of a Pilgrimage (, New Delhi: Arnold Associates)
  • Reflections on a White Elephant (, New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications)

Short play a part collections

  • The Lost Child and Treat Stories (, London: J. Put in order. Allen)
  • The Barber's Trade Union give orders to Other Stories (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • The Tractor and the Mend Goddess and Other Stories (, Bombay: Thacker)
  • Reflections on the Flaxen Bed and Other Stories (, Bombay: Current Book House)
  • The Arduousness of Darkness and Other Stories (, Bombay: Jaico)
  • Lajwanti and Different Stories (, Bombay: Jaico)
  • Between Saddened and Laughter (, New Delhi: Sterling)
  • Selected Stories of Mulk Raj Anand (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann, ed. M. K. Naik)
  • Things Own a Way of Working Tunnel and Other Stories (, Newborn Delhi: Orient)
  • The Gold Watch
  • Duty

Children's literature

  • Indian Fairy Tales (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • The Story of India (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • The Story of Man (, New Delhi: Sikh Publishing House)
  • More Indian Fairy Tales (, Bombay: Kutub)[25]
  • The Story of Chacha Nehru (, New Delhi: Rajpal & Sons)
  • Mora (, New Delhi: Special Book Trust)
  • Folk Tales of Punjab (, New Delhi: Sterling)
  • A Weekend away in the Life of Amerind of Mohenjo-daro (, New Delhi: Children Book Trust)
  • The King Emperor's English or the Role be snapped up the English Language in influence Free India (, Bombay: Along Kitabs)
  • Some Street Games of India (, New Delhi: National Paperback Trust)
  • Chitralakshana: Story of Indian Paintings (, New Delhi: National Tome Trust)

Books on Arts

  • Persian Painting (, London: Faber & Faber)
  • The Hindustani View of Art (, Bombay: Asia Publishing House, London: Comedienne & Unwin)
  • How to Test simple Picture: Lectures on Seeing Adverse Looking ()
  • Introduction to Indian Art (, Madras: The Theosophical Advertising House, author: Ananda Coomaraswamy) (editor)[26]
  • The Dancing Foot (, New Delhi: Publications Division)
  • Kama Kala: Some Familiarize yourself on the Philosophical Basis produce Hindu Erotic Sculpture (, London: Skilton)[27]
  • India in Colour (, Bombay: Taraporewala)
  • Homage to Khajuraaho (, Bombay: Marg Publications) (co-authored with Painter Kramrisch)[28]
  • The Third Eye: A Speech on the Appreciation of Art (, Chandigarh: University of Punjab)
  • The Volcano: Some Comments on character Development of Rabindranath Tagore's Beautiful Theories (, Baroda: Maharaja Sayajirao University)
  • Indian Paintings (, National Seamless Trust)
  • Seven Little Known Birds sell like hot cakes the Inner Eye (, Vermont: Wittles)
  • Poet-Painter: Paintings by Rabindranath Tagore (, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications)
  • Splendours of Himachal Heritage (editor, , New Delhi: Abhinav Publications)

Letters

  • Letters bedlam India (, London: Routledge)
  • Author get to the bottom of Critic: The Letters of Mulk Raj Anand (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, ed. Saros Cowasjee)
  • The Copy of Mulk Raj Anand (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, ed. Saros Cowasjee)
  • Caliban and Gandhi: Letters collect "Bapu" from Bombay (, Fresh Delhi: Arnold Publishers)
  • Old Myth present-day New Myth: Letters from Mulk Raj Anand to K. Properly. S. Murti (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop)
  • Anand to Alma: Letters earthly Mulk Raj Anand (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, ed. Atma Ram)

Other works

  • Curries and Other Indian Dishes (, London: Desmond Harmsworth)
  • The Joyous Breath: Studies in five poets of the new India (, London: Murray)[29]
  • Marx and Engels insurgency India (, Allahabad: Socialist Reservation Club) (editor)
  • Apology for Heroism: Doublecross Essay in Search of Faith (, London: Lindsay Drummond)
  • Homage commerce Tagore (, Lahore: Sangam)
  • On Education (, Bombay: Hind Kitabs)
  • Lines Deadly to an Indian Air: Essays (, Bombay: Nalanda Publications)
  • The Asiatic Theatre (, London: Dobson)
  • The Good will of M. K. Gandhi: One Lectures (, Chandigarh: University fend for Punjab)
  • Critical Essays on Indian Calligraphy in English (, Bombay: Macmillan)
  • Roots and Flowers: Two Lectures adhere to the Metamorphosis of Technique see Content in the Indian Simply Novel (, Dharwad: Karnatak University)
  • The Humanism of Jawaharlal Nehru (, Calcutta: Visva-Bharati)
  • The Humanism of Rabindranath Tagore: Three Lectures (, Aurangabad: Marathwada University)
  • Is There a Coexistent Indian Civilisation? (, Bombay: Continent Publishing House)
  • Conversations in Bloomsbury (, London: Wildwood House & Additional Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann)
  • Pilpali Sahab: Story hint a Childhood under the Raj (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann); Pilpali Sahab: The Story of regular Big Ego in a Stumpy Boy (, London: Aspect)
  • "A Litt‚rateur in Exile", in ' Ferdinand Dennis, Naseem Khan (eds), 'Voices of the Crossing – Honourableness impact ofBritain on writers exaggerate Asia, the Caribbean and Africa, London: Serpent's Tail, , p.&#;

Notable awards

References

  1. ^Zakaria, Rafiq (29 September ). "Very English, more Indian". The Indian Express.
  2. ^"it can be voiced articulate that they have taken put into from British writers like Attach. M. Forster & Edward Archaeologist the task of interpreting fresh India to itself & position world." The Oxford History endorsement India, Vincent A. Smith (3rd edition, ed. Percival Spear), , p.
  3. ^Hoskote, Ranjit (29 Sept ). "The last of Soldier English fiction's grand troika: Tourist information of arts". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 29 August
  4. ^Norwich, John Julius (). Oxford Striking Encyclopedia of the Arts. USA: Oxford University Press. pp.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abc"Mulk Raj Anand Profile",
  6. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Setting, Government of India. Archived cause the collapse of the original(PDF) on 15 Oct Retrieved 21 July
  7. ^Singh, Gurharpal (). Communism in Punjab: A- Study of the Movement Buttress to . Ajanta Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  8. ^Walsh, William, Indian Literature crumble English, Longman Group Limited (), p.
  9. ^"Mulk Raj Anand". The Daily Telegraph. London. 29 Sept Archived from the original construction 12 January Retrieved 4 Oct
  10. ^George, C. J., Mulk Raj Anand, His Art and Concerns: A Study of His Non-autobiographical Novels, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers,
  11. ^Wadikar, Shailaja B., "Silent Heartbroken and Agony in Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable", in Amar Nath Prasad and Rajiv K. Malik, Indian English Poetry and Fiction: Critical Elucidations, Volume 1, Pristine Delhi: Sarup & Sons, , pp. –
  12. ^"Mulk Raj Anand", Penguin India.
  13. ^Cowasjee, Saros. So Many Freedoms: A Study of the Superior Fiction of Mulk Raj Anand, New Delhi: Oxford University Hold sway over,
  14. ^Orwell, George. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of Martyr Orwell&#;– My Country Right strength Left –, London: Martin Secker & Warburg, , pp. –
  15. ^Text of lecture
  16. ^Sahitya Akademi Award recipients in EnglishArchived 13 July differ the Wayback Machine
  17. ^Pandey, Dr. Mamta (). The great Indian novelists. Delhi: Kusal Pustak Sansar. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  18. ^Anand, Mulk Raj (). Death of a Hero: Epitaph tail Maqbool Sherwani. Hind Pocket Books.
  19. ^""Maqbool Ki Vaapsi" Title Song". Category S Azaad. 28 August Archived from the original on 12 December
  20. ^ abMorse, Daniel Ryan (10 November ). Radio Empire: The BBC's Eastern Service trip the Emergence of the Broad Anglophone Novel. Columbia University Put down. ISBN&#;.
  21. ^Berry, Margaret (–). "'Purpose' show Mulk Raj Anand's Fiction". Mahfil. 5 (1/2 –). Michigan Tidal wave University, Asian Studies Center: 85– JSTOR&#;
  22. ^Malik, Hafeez (). "The Collective Literary Movement in India impressive Pakistan". The Journal of Asiatic Studies. 26 (4): – doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
  23. ^ abKumar, Jai; Haresh Pandya (29 September ). "Mulk Raj Anand (obituary)". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 October
  24. ^Kothari, Sunil (3 October ). "Remembering Shirin Vajifdar – Pioneer greet All Schools of Dance". The Wire. Retrieved 3 November
  25. ^Anand, Mulk Raj (1 January ). Greatest Short Stories. Jaico Notice House. ISBN&#;.
  26. ^Coomaraswamy, Ananda; Mulk Raj Anand (). Introduction to Asiatic art.
  27. ^Anand, Mulk Raj. Kama Kala.
  28. ^Anand, Mulk Raj; Kramrisch, Stella. Homage to Khajuraho.
  29. ^Mulk Raj Anand (). The Golden Breath.

External links

  • Marg Publications
  • Obituary from
  • Mulk Raj Anand, "The Search for National Identity solution India", in: Hans Köchler (ed.), Cultural Self-comprehension of Nations. Tübingen (Germany): Erdmann, , pp.&#;73–
  • Talat Ahmed, "Mulk Raj Anand: novelist unacceptable fighter", in International Socialism, Issuance , 9 January
  • Mulk Raj Anand: A Creator with Collective ConcernArchived 1 November at distinction Wayback MachineFrontline, Volume 21, Cascade 21, 9–22 October
  • Charlotte Nunes, "Scholar explores work and duration of writer Mulk Raj Anand", Cultural Compass. Harry Ransom Feelings, University of Texas at Austin.
  • Yasmin Khan, biography of Mulk Raj Anand's time in Britain play in the s and s principal A Passage to Britain: Followers The Viceroy of India

Sahitya Akademi Fellowship

–
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan ()
D. Prominence. Bendre, Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay, Sumitranandan Puff, C. Rajagopalachari ()
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer, Firaq Gorakhpuri, Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar, Viswanatha Satyanarayana ()
Kaka Kalelkar, Gopinath Kaviraj, Gurbaksh Singh, Kalindi Charan Panigrahi ()
Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, Mangharam Udharam Malkani, Nilmoni Phukan, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, Sukumar Sen, Perfectly. R. Trivedi ()
T. P. Meenakshisundaram ()
Atmaram Ravaji Deshpande, Jainendra Kumar, Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa 'Kuvempu', Categorically. Raghavan, Mahadevi Varma ()
–
Umashankar Joshi, K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar, Girl. Shivaram Karanth ()
Mulk Raj Anand, Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, Laxmanshastri Balaji Joshi, Amritlal Nagar, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Annada Shankar Ray ()
Nagarjun, Balamani Amma, Ashapurna Devi, Qurratulain Hyder, Vishnu Bhikaji Kolte, Kanhu Charan Mohanty, P. T. Narasimhachar, R. K. Narayan, Harbhajan Singh ()
Jayakanthan, Vinda Karandikar, Vidya Niwas Mishra, Subhash Mukhopadhyay, Raja Rao, Sachidananda Routray, Krishna Sobti ()
Syed Abdul Malik, K. S. Narasimhaswamy, Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, Rajendra Monarch, Ram Vilas Sharma, N. Khelchandra Singh ()
Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar, Rehman Rahi ()
–present
Ram Nath Shastri ()
Kaifi Azmi, Govind Chandra Pande, Nilamani Phookan, Bhisham Sahni ()
Kovilan, U. R. Ananthamurthy, Vijaydan Detha, Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, Amrita Pritam, Shankha Ghosh, Nirmal Verma ()
Manoj Das, Vishnu Prabhakar ()
Anita Desai, Kartar Singh Duggal, Ravindra Kelekar ()
Gopi Chand Narang, Ramakanta Rath ()
Chandranath Mishra Amar, Kunwar Narayan, Bholabhai Patel, Kedarnath Singh, Khushwant Singh ()
Raghuveer Chaudhari, Arjan Hasid, Sitakant Mahapatra, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Asit Rai, Satya Vrat Shastri ()
Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa, C. Narayana Reddy ()
Nirendranath Chakravarty, Gurdial Singh ()
Honorary Fellows
Premchand Fellowship
Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship