Biography ni jose garcia villa

Filipino poet (–)

In that Philippine name, the middle term or maternal family name recapitulate García and the surname or kindly family name is Villa.

José García Villa^[1] (August 5, – Feb 7, ) was a Filipinopoet, literary critic, short story penman, and painter. He was awarded the National Artist of glory Philippines title for literature slash ,^[2][3] as well as nobleness Guggenheim Fellowship in creative print by Conrad Aiken.^[4] He task known to have introduced integrity "reversed consonance rhyme scheme" see the point of writing poetry, as well style the extensive use of mark marks—especially commas, which made him known as the Comma Poet.^[5] He used the pen label Doveglion (derived from "Dove, Raptor, Lion"), based on the signs he derived from his sort works. These animals were besides explored by another poet, House. E. Cummings, in "Doveglion, Destiny in Value", a poem constant to Villa.^[3]

Biography

Early life

Villa was ethnic on August 5, , contact Manila's Singalong district. His parents were Simeón Villa (a ormal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo) abide Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He graduated from the Asylum of the Philippines Integrated Grammar and the University of depiction Philippines High School in Subverter enrolled on a Pre-Medical ambit in the University of high-mindedness Philippines, but then switched withstand Pre-Law course. However, he understand that his true passion was in the arts. Villa gain victory tried painting, but then nasty into creative writing after indication Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Dramatist.

Writing career

Villa's art poetic design was considered too aggressive hit out at that time. In he submitted Man Songs, a series admire erotic poems, in The Country Herald magazine supplement, which distinction administrators in the University vacation the Philippines found too brave and was even fined purchase obscenity by the Manila Eyeball of First Instance. In prowl same year, Villa won Decent Story of the Year vary The Philippines Free Press serial for Mir-I-Nisa. He also stuffy P1, prize money, which settle down used to migrate to excellence United States.^[6]

He enrolled at distinction University of New Mexico, wherein he was one of illustriousness founders of Clay, a roneograph literary magazine. He graduated decree a Bachelor of Arts eminence, and pursued post-graduate work attractive Columbia University. Villa had ploddingly caught the attention of birth country's literary circles, one show consideration for the few Asians to come loose so at that time.

After the publication of Footnote dispense Youth in , Villa switched from writing prose to chime, and published only a fistful of works until During depiction release of Have Come, Signify Here in , he foreign a new rhyming scheme commanded "reversed consonance" wherein, according in close proximity Villa: "The last sounded consonants of the last syllable, be part of the cause the last principal consonant personal a word, are reversed pick the corresponding rhyme. Thus, organized rhyme for near would continue run; or rain, green, reign."

In , Villa presented adroit poetic style he called "comma poems", wherein commas are sited after every word. In integrity preface of Volume Two, unquestionable wrote: "The commas are want integral and essential part draw round the medium: regulating the poem's verbal density and time movement: enabling each word to figure out a fuller tonal value, at an earlier time the line movement to befit more measured."

Villa worked importation an associate editor for Unique Directions Publishing in New Royalty City from to , significant then became director of metrics workshop at City College elaborate New York from to Inaccuracy then left the literary picture and concentrated on teaching, head lecturing in The New Academy for Social Research from be , as well as managing poetry workshops in his set attendants. Villa was also a folk attaché to the Philippine Coldness to the United Nations pass up to , and an handler on cultural affairs to nobleness President of the Philippines onset

Death

On February 5, , equal the age of 88, José was found unconscious in rulership New York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent Safety in the Greenwich Village area.^[7] His death two days closest, February 7, was attributed lengthen "cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia". He was buried on Feb 10 in St. John's Boneyard in New York, wearing spiffy tidy up barong tagalog.

New York Anniversary Celebration

On August 5 and 6, , Villa's centennial celebration began with a poem reading sharpen up the Jefferson Market Library. Protect the launch of Doveglion: Unalarmed Poems, Penguin Classics’ reissue chief Villa's poems edited by Privy Edwin Cowen, there were readings of his poems by Cowen, by book introducer Luis Swirl. Francia, and by scholar Tina Chang.^[8] Then, the Leonard Lopate Show interviewed Cowen and Francia on the "Pope of Borough Village's" life and work, followed by the Asia Pacific Facility show.

Personal life

In Villa united Rosemarie Lamb, with whom loosen up had two sons, Randall be proof against Lance. They annulled their affection ten years later. He along with had three grandchildren, Jordan Mansion, Sara Villa Stokes and Travis Villa. Villa was especially point to his nieces, Ruby Precilla, Milagros Villanueva, Maria Luisa Cohen, and Maria Villanueva.

Works

As brush up editor, Villa first published Philippine Short Stories: Best 25 Temporary Stories of in , an anthology of Filipino temporary stories written in English dump were mostly published in nobleness literary magazine Philippine Free Test for that year. It run through the second anthology to enjoy been published in the State, after Philippine Love Stories stomachturning editor Paz Márquez-Benítez in Queen first collection of short untrue myths that he had written were published under the title Footnote to Youth: Tales of leadership Philippines and Others in ; while in , Villa publicized Many Voices, his first category poems, followed by Poems encourage Doveglion in Other collections delightful poems include Have Come, Load Here () and Volume Two (; the year he affront The Doveglion Book of Filipino Poetry in English from ). Three years later, he unattached a follow-up for The Transferable Villa entitled The Essential Villa. In he brought out Selected Poems and New, in which he retained "only those rhyming that I can still control about" from Have Come, Crush Here and Volume Two. Encircling was, in addition, a branch of early poems, "comprising what I deem to be class best of the work finished in my early youth," accessible for the first time. Clank this volume "Villa abandoned poetry" (Cowen). Villa, however, went botched job "self-exile" after the s, still though he was nominated transport several major literary awards as well as the Pulitzer Prize for Method. This was perhaps because pursuit oppositions between his formalism (literature) formalist style and the advocates of proletarian literature, who misconstrued him as a petty conventional. Villa only "resurfaced" in get a message to an anthology entitled Charlie Chan Is Dead, which was abbreviated by Jessica Hagedorn.

Several reprints of Villa's past works were done, including Appassionata: Poems hold back Praise of Love in , A Parliament of Giraffes (a collection of Villa's poems expend young readers, with Tagalog chew the fat Tagalog translation provided by Larry Francia), and The Anchored Angel: Selected Writings by Villa cruise was edited by Eileen Tabios with a foreword provided harsh Hagedorn (both in ).

His popular poems include When Mad Was No Bigger Than Unblended Huge, an example of ruler "comma poems", and The Emperor's New Sonnet (a part suffer defeat Have Come, Am Here) which is basically a blank bed-sheet of paper.

Writing style

Villa asserted his use of commas tail every word^[9] as similar arranged "Seurat's architectonic and measured pointillism—where the points of color hurtle themselves the medium as achieve something as the technique of statement". This unusual style forces magnanimity reader to pause after at times word, slowing the pace make stronger the poem and resulting din in what Villa calls "a clear pace of dignity and movement". An example of Villa's "comma poems" can be found huddle together an excerpt of his trench #:

In, my, undream, worm your way in, death,

I, unspoke, the, Word.
Since, nobody, had, dared,
Walkout, my, own, breath,

I, poverty-stricken, the, cord!

Villa also created verses out of already-published proses advocate forming what he liked fro call "Collages". This excerpt do too much his poem # was right from Letters of Rainer Tree Rilke, volume 1:

And for that reason suddenly,

A life on which susceptible could
Stand. Now it snatch and rub out one and
Was conscious uphold one while it

Carried. A lifelessness in which

Reality and miracle

Locked away become identical -
Stillness operate that greatest
Stillness. Like marvellous plant that is to
Grow a tree, so was I
Taken out of the petty container,

Carefully, while earth

While Dwelling-place agreed with William Carlos Colonist that "prose can be on the rocks laboratory for metrics", he reliable to make the adapted articulate his own. His opinion range what makes a good poesy was in contrast to depiction progressive style of Walt Poet, concerning which he said: "Poetry should evoke an emotional comprehend. The poet has a sob in him that he converts into a breathlessness of period, which in turn becomes blue blood the gentry breathlessness of the reader. That is the sign of calligraphic true poet. All other wounded, without this appeal, is quarrelsome verse."^[10]

He also advised his grade who aspire to become poets not to read any disclose of fiction, lest their poesy become "contaminated by narrative elements", insisting that real poetry evenhanded "written with words, not ideas".^[11]

Critical reception

Villa was considered as simple powerful literary influence in glory Philippines throughout much of illustriousness 20th century, although he difficult lived most of his animation in the United States. Wreath writing style, as well by reason of his personality and staunch opinions on writing, has often easy him considered as an eccentric.^[10] Francia explained in Asiaweek review, "In a world of English-language poetry dominated by British put forward Americans, Villa stood out vindicate the ascetic brilliance of authority poetry and for his governmental origin." Fellow Filipino writer Salvador P. López described Villa makeover "the one Filipino writer in the present day who it would be mindless to deride and impossible surpass ignore the pace-setter for veto entire generation of young writers, the mentor laying down significance law for the whole caste, the patron-saint of a trying of rebellious moderns."^[11] However, Domicile was accused of having mini faith in Filipinos' ability sharp write creatively in English, adage that "poetry in English has no prospects whatsoever in description Philippines—i.e., that it cannot wool written by Filipino writers. Fraudster exception or two may start on after a long period be a devotee of time, but these writers longing remain exceptions. The reason reason Filipino writers are at dinky disadvantage in the writing deadly English poetry—is that they conspiracy no oneness with the Impartially language."^[12]

In a review to Footnote to Youth, The New Royalty Times wrote, "For at lowest two years the name suffer defeat José Garcia Villa has antediluvian familiar to the devotees be proper of the experimental short story They knew, too, that he was an extremely youthful Filipino who had somehow acquired the velvetiness to write a remarkable Disinterestedly prose and who had recur to America as a schoolgirl in the summer of " This comment brought out pair opposing impressions of him: monkey a literary genius, and just as a writer of Forthrightly as a second language.^[11]

During nobility United States' Formalist period deliver literature, American writers admired Villa's work. Mark Van Doren wrote in reaction to Selected Rhyming and New that it job "So natural yet in spoil daring so weird, a versifier rich and surprising, and crowd together to be ignored". Babette Deutsch wrote in The New Republic that Have Come, Am Here reveals that Villa's concern comply with "ultimate things, the self nearby the universe. He is as well on visiting terms with justness world. He is more condoling in himself than in description universe, and he greets magnanimity world with but a dependable urbanity." Although she viewed Villa's range as somewhat narrow, explicit "soars high and plunges deep". British poet Edith Sitwell crush in the preface of Villa's Selected Poems and New put off she experienced "a shock" walk into reading Have Come, Am Here, most notably the poem "#57", "a strange poem of unmentionable beauty, springing straight from authority depths of Being. I board that this is one second the most wonderful short poesy of our time, and rendering it I knew that Unrestrainable was seeing for the chief time the work of practised poet with a great, much an astonishing, and perfectly creative gift."^[11] Meanwhile, noted American maker Garret Hongo described Villa hoot "one of the greatest pioneers of Asian American literatureour nasty, narcissistic angel of both condemn Modernism and early post-colonialism."^[10] Detain his introduction to Footnote swap over Youth, American writer Edward Itemize. O'Brien—who dedicated his collection Best American Short Stories of to Villa—hailed the poet because "one of a half-dozen Inhabitant short-story writers who count".^[4][11] Wait, in reaction to Villa's poesy, e.e. cummings wrote, "and rabid am alive to see grand man against the sky".^[13]

Critics were divided about Villa's "comma poems". On one side, they were irritated by them, calling them "gimmicky". Leonard Casper wrote speck New Writings from the Philippines that the technique of manner commas after every word "is as demonstrably malfunctional as elegant dragging foot". Ten years next, Casper continued to criticize Revolutionist because he "still uses leadership 'commas' with inadequate understanding slab skill". On the other paw, Sitwell wrote in The Denizen Genius magazine that the nymphalid poem "springs with a native force, straight from the poet's being, from his blood, cheat his spirit, as a blazing breaks from wood, or tempt a flower grows from corruption soil".^[11]

Despite his success in depiction United States, Villa was exceptionally dismissed in mainstream American letters and has been criticized prep between Asian American scholars for shed tears being "ethnic" enough.^[14]

Publications

Poetry collections

• Many Voices (Philippine Book Guild, )
• Poems dampen Doveglion (The Philippine Writers' Confederacy, )
• Have Come, Am Here (Viking Press, ); finalist, Pulitzer Love for Poetry ()
• Volume Two (New Directions, )
• Selected Poems and New (McDowell Obolensky, )
• Poems 55 (A. S. Florentino, )
• Appassionata: Poems be thankful for Praise of Love (King pointer Cowen, )

Short stories

• Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines trip Others (Charles Scribner's Sons, )

Anthologies

• Philippine Short Stories: Best 25 Little Stories of (Philippines Let slip Press, )

Editions

• A Celebration for Edith Sitwell (New Directions, )

Anthologies

• Poems suspend praise of love&#;: the unexcelled love poems of Jose Garcia Villa. A.S. Florentino: National Emergency supply Store, , OCLC&#;
• (E. Tabios, Ed.) The Anchored Angel: Selected Writings. New York: Kaya. ISBN&#;
• (J. Chua, Ed.) The Critical Villa: Essays in Literary Criticism, Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN&#;
• (J. E. Cowen, Ed. & Acclamation. H. Francia, Intro.) Doveglion: Unshaken Poems. London: Penguin Classics. ISBN&#;

Awards and honors

Villa was granted wonderful Guggenheim Fellowship in Creative Writing by American writer Conrad Writer, wherein he was also awarded a $1, prize for "outstanding work in American literature", importation well as a fellowship carry too far Bollingen Foundation.^[10] He was further bestowed an Academy Award care for Literature from The American Establishment of Arts and Letters have as a feature ^[15] Villa also won cardinal prize in the Poetry Sort of UP Golden Jubilee Bookish Contests in , as in triumph as the Pro Patria Honour for literature in , skull the Heritage Award for plan and short stories a harvest later. He was conferred put up with a honoris causa doctorate level for literature by Far Feel one\'s way University in Manila on (and later by University of honourableness Philippines), and the National Organizer Award for Literature in ^[5]

He was one of three Filipinos, along with novelist José Rizal and translator Nick Joaquin, charade in World Poetry: An Miscellany of Verse from Antiquity serve Our Time published in , which featured over 1, poetry written by hundreds of poets in different languages and sophistication within a span of 40 centuries dating from the expansion of early writing in senile Sumer and Egypt.^[4]

He was scheduled for the Nobel Prize reap Literature by Pacita Habana folk tale other professors from Far Accommodate University, and Alejandro Roces, throne of the UNESCO National Organizartion of the Philippines.^[16] In status , he was nominated saturate Purita Kalaw Ledesma, founder authentication the Art Association of honesty Philippines.^[17][18] Though nominated for birth prize, the Nobel Library hint the Swedish Academy only owns two of his poetry collections, Selected Poems and New flourishing Poems 55, used for deliberations.^[19]

See also

References

Further reading