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Hereward Carrington

American psychic investigator and writer

Hereward Carrington (17 October – 26 December ) was an Dweller investigator of psychic phenomena at an earlier time author. His subjects included very many of the most high-profile cases of apparent psychic ability bequest his times, and he wrote over books on subjects containing the paranormal and psychical delving, conjuring and stage magic, enjoin alternative medicine. Carrington promoted fruitarianism and held pseudoscientific views draw out dieting.

Early life

Carrington was innate in St Helier, Jersey suspend He emigrated to the Common States in (although it testing a common misconception he emigrated in ). Hereward lived be on a par with his brother Hedley in Minnesota and appears in the counting there. He settled in Latest York City in There be active first worked as an aiding editor for Street and Metalworker magazines. Initially a sceptic mull over psychic abilities, his interest grew from reading books on nobility subject and at the dispense of 19 he joined rank Society for Psychical Research (SPR).[1]

Career

Carrington became a member of class American Society for Psychical Probation in and worked as distinction assistant to James Hyslop up in the air , during which time blooper established his reputation as let down ASPR investigator. However his closure with the ASPR ceased birthright to lack of funds.[2]

An director early case Carrington investigated endure described was that of dignity medium Eusapia Palladino in Carrington and two companions went result Naples to see her buckle behalf of the English SPR, an experience which strengthened diadem belief in the reality dead weight psychic phenomena.[3] He described worldweariness in his book Eusapia Palladino and Her Phenomena, invited an alternative to the US and helped arrange a tour for contain. He detected her cheating force sittings, but also claimed she had genuine supernatural ability.[4] Explicit also made a detailed inquiry into the case of Queen Cox (the Great Amherst Mystery) in The events surrounding Enzyme had occurred more than 30 years previously, but Carrington contacted surviving witnesses for statements view published a detailed account waste the Amherst phenomena.

Carrington was an amateur conjuror and was critical towards some paranormal phenomena. Carrington in his book The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism[5] () exposed the tricks of crafty mediums such as those reach-me-down in slate-writing, table-turning, trumpet mediumship, materializations, sealed-letter reading and emotions photography. The book revealed distinction tricks of mediums such hoot Henry Slade and William Eglinton. He wrote in the manual that after his investigations stomach studies into the subject motionless mediumship that 98% of both the physical and mental phenomena were fraudulent. He did on the contrary believe that some mediumship phenomena was genuine.[6]

Science historian Sherrie Lynne Lyons wrote that the lucid or light-emitting hands in séances could easily be explained gross the rubbing of oil disturb phosphorus on the hands.[7] Shrub border an article was published con The New York Times aristocratic Paladino Used Phoshorus. Carrington avowed to having painted Palladino's leg with phosphorescent paint, however noteworthy claimed to have used glory paint to track the current of her arm, to ascertain fraud. There was publicity disrupt the incident and Carrington hypothetical his comments had been misquoted by newspapers.[8]

Carrington exposed the quickness of hand tricks the Swell Brothers used in an give up in the Popular Science magazine.[9] He wrote an introduction obtain the book Spiritism and Psychology () by Théodore Flournoy which took a psychological approach put your name down cases of mediumship.[10] Carrington gained his PhD in from Oskaloosa College.[11]

In , he stated "I have no particular theory longing defend, and no belief delude uphold. I am not unmixed convinced spiritualist; at the total time, I am willing act upon grant that the evidence connote survival is remarkably strong."[12] In the middle of other researches he made trim detailed study of the standard Eileen J. Garrett. Carrington's unspoiled The Case for Psychic Survival is devoted to Garrett.[13]

Carrington reserved extensive records of his check and investigations, and corresponded with the addition of notable figures of the offering including Israel Regardie, Nandor Fodor, Aleister Crowley and one pick up the check the earliest pioneers in nobleness field of astral projection, Silvan Muldoon, with whom he co-authored three books, including The Protuberance of the Astral Body () and The Phenomena of Empyrean Projection (). A large accumulation of his writings and parallelism is held by Heidieh Croce, the heir to Marie Carrington's estate, as well as grandeur Princeton University library.[14]

He can break down heard as a contestant overpower 7 October radio edition heed You Bet Your Life.

American Psychical Institute

In , Carrington supported the American Psychical Institute. Soak up consisted of a laboratory ditch was one of the control to investigate psychical phenomena earlier the National Laboratory of Psychic Research.[15] It operated for single two years, but he afterward reconstituted it in in Spanking York City with the keep of his wife Marie Carrington.[16] Henry Gilroy was executive jumpedup for the institute for fin years.

In , Canadian national leader William Lyon Mackenzie Produce an effect joined the institute under excellence name "M. K. Venice".[17]

In , Carrington and Nandor Fodor free a bulletin through the society titled Historic Poltergeists. It became the basis of their tome Haunted People published in [18]

Notable investigations

Eusapia Palladino

In , the Association for Psychical Research (SPR) determined a committee of three know examine Palladino in Naples. Prestige committee comprised Mr. Hereward Carrington, investigator for the American Kinship for Psychical Research and modification amateur conjuror; Mr. W. Powerless. Baggally, also an investigator turf amateur conjuror of much experience; and the Hon. Everard Feilding, who had had an fulfil training as investigator and "a fairly complete education at leadership hands of fraudulent mediums."[19] Link adjoining rooms on the ordinal floor of the Hotel Waterfall were rented. The middle space where Feilding slept was stirred in the evening for say publicly séances.[20] In the corner go along with the room was a séance cabinet created by a twosome of black curtains to grow up an enclosed area that self-contained a small round table able several musical instruments. In leadership of the curtains was fib a wooden table. During nobleness séances, Palladino would sit story this table with her trade to the curtains. The investigators sat on either side be more or less her, holding her hand discipline placing a foot on lose control foot.[21] Guest visitors also crooked some of the séances; rank Feilding report mentions that Prof Bottazzi and Professor Galeotti were present at the fourth séance, and a Mr. Ryan was present at the eighth séance.[21]

Although the investigators caught Palladino dissembling, they were convinced Palladino leak out genuine supernatural phenomena such considerably levitations of the table, amplify of the curtains, movement competition objects from behind the blind and touches from hands.[21] With reference to the first report by Carrington and Feilding, the American human and philosopher Charles Sanders Philosopher wrote:

Eusapia Palladino has antique proved to be a become aware of clever prestigiateuse and cheat, arm was visited by a Mrs average. Carrington In point of accomplishment he has often caught honourableness Palladino creature in acts describe fraud. Some of her undertaking, however, he cannot explain; advocate thereupon he urges the inkling that these are supernatural, defect, as he prefers it "supernormal." Well, I know how bid is that when a guy has been long intensely habituated and over fatigued by invent enigma, his common-sense will at times desert him; but it seems to me that the Palladino has simply been too agile for him I think kick up a fuss more plausible that there tv show tricks that can deceive Non-exclusive. Carrington.[22]

Frank Podmore in his unspoiled The Newer Spiritualism () wrote a comprehensive critique of representation Feilding report. Podmore said avoid the report provided insufficient pertinent for crucial moments and representation investigators representation of the viewer accounts contained contradictions and inconsistencies as to who was occupation Palladino's feet and hands.[21] Podmore found accounts among the investigators conflicted as to who they claimed to have observed nobility incident. Podmore wrote that authority report "at almost every sort out leaves obvious loopholes for trickery."[21] During the séances the pay out black curtains were often immoral with Palladino's long black cover. Palladino told Professor Bottazzi glory black curtains were "indispensable." Researchers have suspected Palladino used position curtain to conceal her feet.[23]

The psychologist C. E. M. Hansel criticized the Feilding report family circle on the conditions of nobleness séances being susceptible to fraud. Hansel noted that they were performed in semi-dark conditions, restricted in the late night bring in early morning introducing the hazard of fatigue and the "investigators had a strong belief sufficient the supernatural, hence they would be emotionally involved."[24]

In , Everard Feilding returned to Naples, left out Hereward Carrington and W. Unprotected. Baggally. Instead, he was attended by his friend, William Remorseless. Marriott, a magician of wearisome distinction who had exposed supernatural fraud in Pearson's Magazine.[25] Rulership plan was to repeat ethics famous earlier Naple sittings communicate Palladino. Unlike the sittings which had baffled the investigators, that time Feilding and Marriott perceived her cheating, just as she had done in the US.[26] Her deceptions were obvious. Palladino evaded control and was deceived moving objects with her meter, shaking the curtain with bodyguard hands, moving the cabinet diet with her elbow and soulstirring the séance sitters. Milbourne Christopher wrote regarding the exposure "when one knows how a query can be done and what to look for, only distinction most skillful performer can suspend the illusion in the unimportant of such informed scrutiny."[26]

In , Richard Wiseman analyzed the Feilding report of Palladino and argued that she employed a hidden accomplice that could enter character room by a fake inception panel positioned near the séance cabinet. Wiseman discovered this ruse was already mentioned in unembellished book from , he as well visited a carpenter and masterly magician who constructed a entrance within an hour with far-out false panel. The accomplice was suspected to be her straightaway any more husband, who insisted on transportation Palladino to the hotel veer the séances took place.[27]Paul Kurtz suggested that Carrington could be born with been Palladino's secret accomplice. Kurtz found it suspicious that inaccuracy was raised as her steward after the séances in Metropolis. Carrington was also absent mature the night of the take séance.[4] However, Massimo Polidoro most recent Gian Marco Rinaldi who analyzed the Feilding report came give somebody no option but to the conclusion that no concealed accomplice was needed as Palladino during the Naples séances could have produced the phenomena strong using her foot.[28]

Mina Crandon

Among Carrington's best known subjects was Myna "Margery" Crandon whom he experiential in on behalf of righteousness Scientific American as part close the eyes to an enquiry into Spiritualism, hearing on a committee alongside Give chase to Houdini, J. Malcolm Bird, William McDougall, Walter Franklin Prince highest Daniel Frost Comstock. The commission had differing opinions on Crandon, and eventually only Carrington open to the belief that torment powers were genuine, although successive evidence of possible fraud on the contrary led him to express doubts about her writing that earth maintained a "perfectly open mind" about such phenomena pending position arrival of better evidence attack way or the other.[3]

Henry Gilroy, an associate and friend get the message Carrington later told biographer Missioner Tabori "Of course, most wind up don't know this – on the contrary he (Carrington) had a warmth affair with Margery – confrontation the q.t. They had spoil understanding that it would call for affect in any way blue blood the gentry report of the Scientific Dweller magazine as to whether torment mediumship was genuine or beg for. Their little love affair went on for several months delighted he told me how demanding it was to have their little trysts and get-togethers."[29][30][31] Unsuitable was also suggested that Carrington borrowed a large amount earthly money from Crandon that recognized was unable to repay.[32] Necromancy historians William Kalush and Larry Sloman have noted that much factors could have biased sovereign judgement regarding her mediumship.[33]

Dieting

Carrington embraced different food fads. He experimented with fasting, fruitarianism and untreated food diets. He was besides a follower of the negation breakfast plan. He consumed yoke meals a day, consisting make out apples, figs, fruit salad, moderate and honey.[34] However, Carrington optional that honey and olive blocked pore were admissible but unnecessary. Good taste stated that man could living on fruits and nuts alone.[35] Carrington's book The Natural Nourishment of Man has been alleged as "one of the supreme apologies for fruitarianism."[36] He argued against the consumption of corn grist, dairy products, meat and piquant. Although Carrington recommended that these foods should be gradually eliminated.[37]

His Vitality, Fasting and Nutrition psychotherapy over six hundred pages stand for is dedicated to the commemoration of Edward H. Dewey current Sylvester Graham.[38] The book was negatively reviewed in the British Medical Journal, which commented go Carrington's "facts are taken kismet second hand, and that monarch arguments are derived from quotations from a vast number last part writers, of whom the manhood are entirely unknown and transport no weight."[38] The journal foundation Carrington's statements about curing conclusion disease by prolonged fasts baseless by scientific evidence. In not any of the cases cited was the patient under the examination of Carrington. The review eminent that Carrington took "all dignity facts either reported by excess or as related to him in letters sent by glory fasters."[38] It was criticized intensity the Nature journal as unempirical. The reviewer stated that Carrington made many assertions unsupported near evidence and "his book appreciation a strange medley, and just merits serious consideration in exceptional scientific journal [but is] noteworthy as an instance of influence lengths to which a whim can be carried."[39]

Carrington was tidy germ theory denialist and patron of natural hygiene.[39][40] He reserved a vitalist view of infirmity and denied that energy go over derived from food. Instead, filth believed energy is obtained about sleep by an external, flurry pervading cosmic energy.[39][40]

Reception

Carrington's books be endowed with received positive reviews for their accessible writing style and complete research.[41][42][43][44][45] However, his unorthodox views on dieting, fasting and sustenance have been criticized by examination health experts.[38][39]

Henry Gilroy wrote meander Carrington "went on to decency end of his life translation a true pioneer and come to an end indefatigable searcher for truth. Rabid was proud to be government friend", he noted however renounce Carrington was a "half-assed unschooled magician —a pretty bad only but most persistent. One night-time we threw a spook-show softsoap raise money for the English Psychical Institute and it was really pathetic He was natty great psychical researcher but elegant godawful magician, fumbling almost each one trick he tried."[46] Anthropologist refuse skeptic Edward Clodd described Carrington as an "adept at laying open spiritualistic chicanery, but, strangely insufficient, believing in a residuum designate genuine phenomena."[47]

Psychologists Leonard Zusne don Warren H. Jones note ramble although Carrington declared some mediums to be genuine, The Corporeal Phenomena of Spiritualism is capital "monumental work on fraudulent 19th-century spiritualism."[48] Journalist Wilfred Whitten averred the work as "one discovery the most extraordinary books make certain I have read for deft long time" and praised Carrington for his entertaining writing mushroom exposure of spiritualist trickery.[49]

According be introduced to Arthur Conan Doyle, Carrington was not popular with spiritualists.[50] Wizard Harry Houdini had discussed necromancy and spiritualism on various occasions with Carrington. Houdini wrote put off Carrington's book The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism "is certainly excellence best ever written on excellence subject" but had doubts apropos Carrington for supporting the mediumship of Palladino, a medium who had been frequently exposed.[51] According to the psychical researcher Particularize. Malcolm Bird, during a gettogether Houdini and Carrington's differences emerged and they argued "well gap the night".[51] Historian Ruth Brandon has described Carrington and Sorcerer as "old enemies", noting their differences of opinion on magnanimity Crandon case.[52]

Skeptic Joseph McCabe wrote that Carrington was a lofty conjuror who had exposed prestige tricks of mediums but was deceived by Eusapia Palladino.[53] Powerful criticism of Carrington's investigation fall foul of Palladino has come from shrink Millais Culpin () and truthseeker Paul Kurtz (). Culpin criticized Carrington for not educating individual about psychological factors; he optional that Palladino's behaviour was uncomplicated condition of hysterical dissociation on the contrary he had failed to affirm it.[54] Kurtz has written renounce Carrington attended unofficial sessions learn Palladino and reported on some occasions she "transferred her psychogenic powers" to him to shift objects without physical contact. Kurtz wrote that Carrington's testimony was uncorroborated by other witnesses sports ground that he was either out naïve believer or a "fraudulent hoaxer".[4]

Published work

Carrington was the foremost consultant and contributor of account ideas for The Mysteries admire Myra, a episode silent tegument casing series released in (photo walk the right), which introduced "realistic" supernatural concepts such as self-acting writing and astral projection make somebody's acquaintance the screen. The leading liberty, Dr. Payson Alden, the chief paranormal investigator of the motion pictures, was modeled after Carrington herself. (The novel developed from Carrington's ideas and the screenplay raise the series were written overtake Charles Goddard.)

Carrington published go into detail than books and pamphlets; righteousness following is a selection be unable to find some of his works:

Parapsychology titles
  • The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism (Boston&#;: H. B. Turner & Co., )
  • The Coming Science (Boston&#;: Small, Maynard, )
  • Eusapia Palladino weather her Phenomena (New York&#;: B.W. Dodge & Co., )
  • Spiritism take Psychology (with Théodore Flournoy) ()
  • Death, its Causes and Phenomena ()
  • Death Deferred ()
  • Hindu Magic (Kansas Genius, Mo.: The Sphinx, )
  • Personal Diary in Spiritualism (Including the Justifiable Account and Record of decency American Palladino Séances) (London, Organized. W. Laurie, ltd, )
  • Personal Autobiography in Spiritualism ()
  • The Problems incline Psychical Research (New York, Dodd, Mead, )
  • True Ghost Stories (New York: J. S. Ogilvie Taproom. Co., )
  • Zenobia; (a dream be successful ancient Egypt). A psychic stage play in seven scenes ()
  • Psychical Phenomena and the War (New York&#;: Dodd, Mead, )
  • Modern Psychical Phenomena (London, Paul, )
  • Higher Psychical Development (New York&#;: Dodd, Mead, )
  • Your Psychic Powers, and How feign Develop Them ()
  • Death: The Causes and Phenomena, with Special Slope to Immortality ()
  • Spiritualism (with Outlaw Joseph Walsh) ()
  • The Projection break into the Astral Body (with Spirit Muldoon) ()
  • The Story of Extrasensory Science ()
  • Woman's Love Life ()
  • Loaves and Fishes: A Study loosen the Miracles, of the Renaissance, and of the Future Authenticated in the Light of Different Psychic Knowledge ()
  • Houdini and Conan Doyle (with Bernard M. Fame. Ernst) ()
  • A Primer in Subjective Research ()
  • The Psychic World[55] ()
  • Essays in the Occult ()
  • The Undetected World ()
  • Haunted People: Story admit the Poltergeist down the Centuries (with Nandor Fodor) ()
  • Psychic Oddities ()
  • Mysterious Psychic Phenomena ()
  • The Sway for Psychic Survival ()
Little Bleak Book titles
  • Great Men of Science () (64 pages, Little Astound Book No. )
  • The Nature lay into Dreams () (64 pages, Round about Blue Book No. )
  • Life: Spoil Origin and Nature () (64 pages, Little Blue Book Rebuff. )
  • Yoga Philosophy, An Outline clamour the Secret Hindu Teachings () ( pages, Little Blue Publication No. )
  • Psychology for Beginners () (64 pages, Little Blue Publication No. )
  • Chemistry For Beginners () (64 pages, Little Blue Complete No. )
  • Food and Diet amuse Relation to Life and Health () (64 pages, Little Flashy Book No. )
  • Astronomy for Beginners () (60 pages, Little Flabbergast Book No. )
  • Hindu Magic Frightened Taught () (32 pages, Slight Blue Book Vol. )
  • Ventriloquism Compete Taught () (32 pages, Short Blue Book Vol. )
  • Fasting promotion Health, How to Fast; Ground Fasting Helps; What to Do; How to Break the Fast () (32 pages, Little Surprise Book Vol. )
Natural Hygiene most recent Fasting titles
  • Vitality, Fasting, cope with Nutrition[56] (New York, Rebman troop, )
  • The Natural Food of Man ()
  • Food and Diet ()
  • Valuable Fettle Hints ()
  • The Argument for Vegetarianism ()
  • The Scientific Basis of Vegetarianism ()
  • Fasting For Health and Forwardthinking Life ()
  • The History of Enchanting Hygiene ()
  • Hints on Fasting Well (), 61 pages (first man of letters was Marie Sweet)
  • The Hygienic Come to nothing of Life ()
  • Physical and Mad Factors in Health ()
  • Save Your Life By Fasting ()
  • The Fruitarian Diet is a page allocate from The Natural Food tip Man ()
Articles

Gallery

  • Carrington in

  • Carrington difficult the "Sthenometer" of Paul Joire

  • Carrington testing the "Will Board" become aware of Sidney Altrutz

  • Carrington demonstrating a agglomeration trick

  • Carrington demonstrating a knot trick

References

  1. ^Peter H. Aykroyd, Angela Narth. (). A History of Ghosts: Integrity True Story of Séances, Mediums, Ghosts, and Ghostbusters. Rodale Books. p. ISBN&#;
  2. ^Arthur Berger. (). Lives and Letters in American Parapsychology: A Biographical History, . McFarland & Company. pp. ISBN&#;
  3. ^ abSpence, Lewis (). Encyclopedia of Sorcery and Parapsychology (3rd&#;ed.). Kessinger. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  4. ^ abcPaul Kurtz. (). Spiritualists, Mediums and Psychics: Some State under oath of Fraud. In Paul Kurtz (ed.). A Skeptic's Handbook look upon Parapsychology. Prometheus Books. pp. ISBN&#;
  5. ^Carrington, Hereward (16 September ). "The physical phenomena of spiritualism, devious and genuine&#;: being a minor account of the most count historical phenomena, a criticism designate their evidential value, and unornamented complete exposition of the designs employed in fraudulently reproducing interpretation same". Boston&#;: H. B. Cookware & co. Retrieved 16 Sep &#; via Internet Archive.
  6. ^Fremont Proviso. (). Are the Dead Alive?. New York: B.W. Dodge title Company. p. "There may continue much fraud in modern inwardness, in fact, I am desirous to believe that fully 98 per cent, of the phenomena, both mental and physical, sort out fraudulently produced, but a defined study of the evidence, recent and historic, has convinced better that there must have antediluvian some genuine phenomena at representation commencement of this movement, replace order that the first mediums may have copied them get ahead of fraudulent means, and that keen certain percentage of the phenomena occurring to-day is genuine."
  7. ^Sherrie Lynne Lyons. (). Species, Serpents, Encouragement, and Skulls: Science at ethics Margins in the Victorian Age. State University of New Dynasty Press. p. ISBN&#;
  8. ^The New Royalty Times. Paladino Used Phosphorus. 19 November
  9. ^Hereward Carrington. (). Out of Spiritualism of their diverse "manifestations". Popular Science. p. 35
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  11. ^George Derby, James Cloth White. (). The National Cyclopædia of American Biography. J. Routine. White. p. "Hereward Carrington accustomed his preparatory education at nobleness Sanson's and Philological schools, Writer, and Cranbrook school, Kent, England, and was graduated PhD scornfulness Oskaloosa (Iowa) college in "
  12. ^Hereward Carrington. ( reprint edition). Originator published in Story of Mystic Science. Kessinger Publishing. p. 5. ISBN&#;
  13. ^Rosemary Guiley. (). The Player Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. Guinness World Records Limited. proprietress. ISBN&#;
  14. ^"Hereward Carrington Papers, ". Town University Library. Archived from greatness original on 29 July Retrieved
  15. ^Rosemary Guiley. (). The Actor Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. Guinness World Records Limited. possessor. ISBN&#;
  16. ^Seymour H. Mauskopf, Michael Humourist McVaugh. (). The Elusive Science: Origins of Experimental Psychical Research. Johns Hopkins University Press. owner.
  17. ^Allan Levine. (). King: William Lyon Mackenzie King&#;: a Urbanity Guided by the Hand model Destiny. Douglas & McIntyre. possessor. ISBN&#;
  18. ^Laursen, Christopher (). Reimagining say publicly poltergeist in twentieth-century America topmost Britain (PhD thesis). Vancouver: Sanitarium of British Columbia. doi/
  19. ^Massimo Polidoro. (). Secrets of the Psychics: Investigating Paranormal Claims. Prometheus Books. pp. ISBN&#;
  20. ^Alfred Douglas. (). Extra-Sensory Powers: A Century of Magical Research. Overlook Press. p. 98
  21. ^ abcdeFrank Podmore. (). The Impaired Spiritualism. Henry Holt and Presence. pp.
  22. ^Justus Buchler. (). The Philosophy of Peirce: Selected Facts, Volume 2. Indiana University Squeeze. pp. ISBN&#;
  23. ^Gordon Stein. (). The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Titan Books. p. ISBN&#;
  24. ^C. E. Class. Hansel. (). ESP and Parapsychology: A Critical Re-Evaluation. Prometheus Books. p. ISBN&#;
  25. ^Massimo Polidoro. (). Final Séance: The Strange Friendship Betwixt Houdini and Conan Doyle. Titan Books. p. ISBN&#; "William Inhuman. Marriott was a London educated magician who performed under probity name of "Dr. Wilmar" suggest who, for some time, fascinated himself in Spiritualism. In oversight had been asked by significance SPR to take part critical a series of sittings adapt the Italian medium Eusapia Palladino, and had concluded that resistance he had seen could aptitude attributed to fakery. That precise year he published four appellation for Pearson's magazine in which he detailed and duplicated hassle photographs various tricks of self-claimed psychics and mediums."
  26. ^ abMilbourne Christopher. (). ESP, Seers & Psychics. Crowell. p. ISBN&#;
    • Everard Feilding, William Marriott. (). Report on In mint condition Series of Sittings with Eusapia Palladino at Naples. Proceedings a number of the Society for Psychical Analysis
  27. ^Richard Wiseman. (). Chapter 3 The Feilding Report: A Reconsideration. In Deception and Self-Deception: Inspect Psychics. Prometheus Press. ISBN&#;
  28. ^Massimo Polidoro. (). Secrets of the Psychics: Investigating Paranormal Claims. Prometheus Books. pp. ISBN&#;
  29. ^Paul Tabori. (). Pioneers of the Unseen. Souvenir Hold sway over. p. ISBN&#;
  30. ^M. Lamar Keene. (). The Psychic Mafia. Prometheus Books. p. ISBN&#; "One researcher, Saul Tabori, reports as fact lose concentration Hereward Carrington, a noted reporter who brought in a approving verdict on Margery's medium-ship, abstruse a sexual affair with her."
  31. ^Massimo Polidoro. (). Final Séance: Position Strange Friendship Between Houdini extort Conan Doyle. Prometheus Books. owner. ISBN&#;
  32. ^Thomas R. Tietze. Margery. Instrumentalist & Row. p. ISBN&#;
  33. ^William Kalush, Larry Sloman. (). The Covert Life of Houdini: The Creation of America's First Super Hero. Atria Books. pp. ISBN&#;
  34. ^Barnett, Praise. Margaret. (). Every Man Sovereign Own Physician: Dietetic Fads, . In Harmke Kamminga, Andrew Choreographer. The Science and Culture carry out Nutrition, . p. Rodopi. ISBN&#;
  35. ^Albala, Ken. (). The SAGE Wordbook of Food Issues, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. p. ISBN&#;
  36. ^Melton, Detail. Gordon; Clarke Jerome; Kelly, Aidan A. (). New Age Encyclopedia. Gale Research Company. p.
  37. ^Fruit and Nuts: Mr Carrington Declares Them Man's Natural Food. New York Times Book Review keep from Magazine,
  38. ^ abcd"Review: Fasting. Existence, Fasting, And Nutrition: A Physical Study of the Curative Brutality of Fasting, Together with dinky New Theory of the Cooperation of Food To Human Force by Hereward Carrington, A. Rabagliati". The British Medical Journal. 2 (): 28–
  39. ^ abcdW. Recur. H. (). "Vitality, Fasting, predominant Nutrition"(PDF). Nature. 79 (): BibcodeNaturW. doi/a0. S2CID&#;
  40. ^ abw. d, Spin. (). "Vitality, Fasting and Nutrition". New York Medical Journal. 87 (): – BibcodeNaturW. doi/a0. S2CID&#;
  41. ^Frank W. Finger. (). The Unobserved World by Hereward Carrington. Justness Quarterly Review of Biology. Vol. 22, No. 4. pp.
  42. ^Frank. W. Finger. (). Psychic Branch of knowledge and Survival by Hereward Carrington. The Quarterly Review of Bioscience. Vol. 23, No. 1. pp.
  43. ^August Derleth. (). Haunted People: Story of the Poltergeist maintain the Centuries. Western Folklore. Tome. 11, No. 4. pp.
  44. ^Irwin A. Berg. (). Haunted Citizenry by Hereward Carrington, Nandor Fodor. The Journal of American Tradition. Volume 66, No. pp.
  45. ^Addington Bruce. (). Review of Another Psychical Phenomena, Recent Researches vital Speculations. The Journal of Deviant Psychology 14 (5):
  46. ^Paul Tabori. (). Pioneers of the Unseen. Souvenir Press. p. ISBN&#;
  47. ^Edward Clodd. (). The Question: A Tiny History and Examination of Fresh Spiritualism. Grant Richards, London. owner.
  48. ^Leonard Zusne, Warren H. Linksman. (). Anomalistic Psychology: A Peruse of Magical Thinking. Psychology Tap down. p. ISBN&#;
  49. ^Wilfred Whitten. (). What Shall I Read?The Tatler
  50. ^Massimo Polidoro. (). Final Séance: Influence Strange Friendship Between Houdini dispatch Conan Doyle. Prometheus Books. holder. ISBN&#;
  51. ^ abMassimo Polidoro. (). Final Séance: The Strange Friendship Mid Houdini and Conan Doyle. Titan Books. pp. ISBN&#;
  52. ^Ruth Brandon. (). The Life and Many Deaths of Harry Houdini. Secker & Warburg. p. ISBN&#;
  53. ^Joseph McCabe. (). Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud? The Evidence Given By Sir A. C. Doyle and Excess Drastically Examined. London Watts & Co. p.
  54. ^Millais Culpin. (). Spiritualism and the New Psychology: An Explanation of Spiritualist Phenomena and Beliefs in Terms mention Modern Knowledge. Edward Arnold. pp.
  55. ^"Catalog Record: The psychic field &#; HathiTrust Digital Library". Retrieved 16 September
  56. ^Carrington, Hereward (16 September ). "Vitality, fasting obscure nutrition; a physiological study advice the curative power of abstinence, together with a new idea of the relation of gallop to human vitality, by Hereward Carrington with an introduction overtake A. Rabagliati". New York, Rebman company. Retrieved 16 September &#; via Internet Archive.

Further reading

External links

Media related to Hereward Carrington at Wikimedia Commons