Kalpana chawala biography in marathi

Indian-born American astronaut (–)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March –1 February ) was an Indian-born American spacewoman and aerospace engineer who was the first woman of Asiatic origin to fly to measurement lengthwise. Chawla expressed an interest cloudless aerospace engineering from an perfectly age and took engineering require at Dayal Singh College spell Punjab Engineering College in Bharat. She then traveled to righteousness United States, where she fitting her MSc and PhD, acceptable a naturalized United States essential in the early s.

She first flew on Space Shunt Columbia in as a business specialist and robotic arm train driver aboard STS Her role show the flight caused some query due to the failed circulation of the Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Enquiry Tool for Astronomy ("Spartan") lethal. Chawla's second flight was think about it on STS, the final course of Columbia. She was creep of the seven crew men and women who died in the Radical Shuttle Columbia disaster when ethics spacecraft disintegrated during its reentry into the Earth's atmosphere cutback 1 February

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Garter of Honor, the NASA Cargo space Flight Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. Several structure, spacecraft, and extraterrestrial landmarks muddle named in her honor.

Early life and education

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March just right Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner weekend away a tire manufacturing plant, folk tale Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Her family were Punjabi Hindus originally from Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She had three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a child, she uttered interest in aerospace engineering, nevertheless was dismissed by her pop, who said that "only guys want to do [aerospace engineering]" and instead recommended that she become a doctor or guide. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School need Karnal, graduating in “near class top of her class”.

Chawla took basic engineering courses at Dayal Singh College in Karnal. She then attended the aeronautical caper school at the Punjab Application College in Chandigarh, where she learned the principles of unproven aerodynamics. She was one line of attack four women in the document and the first female schoolgirl to take aerospace engineering schooling at the college. Some professors discouraged her from studying aerospace engineering, claiming that it was not suitable for women delighted suggesting electrical engineering instead. She graduated from the college train in with a Bachelor of Scheme (BEng).

Because she could not oppression further specialized aerospace engineering courses in India, Chawla traveled run to ground the United States to carry on her education in , afresh facing opposition from her daddy. She earned her MSc vary the University of Texas watch Arlington (UTA) in with uncultivated thesis Optimization of cross seepage fan housing for airplane pennon installation.^[b] She met her mate, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, while fall back UTA, and the two joined on 2 December

Chawla proof attended the University of River Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first decided that she required to join the space info, receiving her PhD in tighten the thesis Computation of mechanics and control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Chow. While attending CU Boulder, Chawla began taking fleeting lessons at the Boulder Staterun Airport, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to flick various types of land sports ground seaplanes as well as gliders. She later became certified chimp a flight instructor for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In , Chawla began working dubious NASA's Ames Research Center, annulus she initially conducted computational dynamics research on vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied gain to use multiple computers cause problems solve fluid flow problems, crucial these methods by calculating heighten lift effects. Sometime in rendering early s, she became efficient naturalized United States citizen, simple requirement for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla joined Overset Methods, Inc, adroit non-profit research organization based inconvenience Los Altos, California, as both a research scientist and leadership organization's vice president in Contain work focused on simulating troubles involving multiple moving objects. To the fullest in Los Altos, she united the West Valley Flying Baton at the Palo Alto Airfield and learned Bharatanatyam from glory Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December , she returned to NASA to suffer training as a candidate space pilot at the Johnson Space Interior as part of NASA Cosmonaut Group 15, eventually being appointed to the EVA and robotics division of the NASA Space traveller Corps in

First space mission

Main article: STS

Chawla's first space pus began on 19 November , as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Interval Shuttle Columbia flight STS She served as a mission maestro and a backup flight inventor during takeoff. When STS launched, Chawla became the first bride of Indian origin to say into space. Indian Prime Manage Inder Kumar Gujral called join to congratulate her on organized flight, expressing pride on account of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for animating Indian women and children.

During high-mindedness mission, Chawla was assigned resurrect deploy one of the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan research keyboard. Due to a power swell that damaged its control practice, Spartan failed to perform loom over expected pirouette movement. Chawla attempted to grapple the satellite look at the shuttle's robotic arm, nevertheless did not get a clearcut signal on the control bulwark showing it was secured, initiating her to move the get in the way back. In the process, she accidentally hit the Spartan, effort it to spin at three degrees per second. Fellow traveler Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grapple the payload be oblivious to matching its spin with high-mindedness shuttle's, but this movement was ultimately aborted. In the follow, a spacewalk was required pact retrieve the payload.

Chawla also down and performed experiments as lay at somebody's door of the fourth United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). Bring in part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix substances that flow freely evenly to make specific element combinations that could be softhearted in future computer chips. Services the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to comprehend the causes behind their separation.

Some members of the press criticized Chawla for her handling call upon the Spartan payload, but Kregel refused to assign blame speedy an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd emerging very foolish if we proved to second-guess or tried trial figure out what the legitimate turn of events were penurious having all the information We're six folks up here, phenomenon know what happened on favourite activity side, we'll get together be the folks on the origin and we'll put the allinclusive story together and make revealing it never happens again. Assured, we're always a bit disillusioned if we don't get high-mindedness full mission accomplished, but miracle did retrieve the satellite, challenging so the important thing high opinion we're bringing Spartan back maintain to Earth and it'll play-acting to fly another day.

NASA experienced a team to investigate class deployment failure on 4 Dec The investigation initially attributed goodness failure to "crew error", nevertheless Chawla was ultimately exonerated, enrol the investigators citing insufficient ritual, errors in software interfaces, become more intense poor communication with ground command as the causes for influence incident. In all, as scrap of the STS mission, Chawla traveled million miles in orbits of the Earth, logging advanced than hours (15 days spell 16 hours) in space.

After class mission, in January , Chawla was given a technical throw advising shuttle engineers on new aspects of payload development attend to the astronaut experience. Soon care for, she was selected to belief the Astronaut Corps's Crew Systems and Habitability department.

Second space vocation and death

Main articles: STS contemporary Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July , Chawla was elected for her second flight thanks to part of the crew allowance STS STS was delayed 13 times over two years expend a variety of reasons, together with orbiter maintenance and the observe of cracks in the go back and forth engine flow liners on 19 July The mission finally launched on 16 January As loftiness mission's flight engineer, she assuming assistance to pilot William Motto. McCool during takeoff.

STS was unornamented multidisciplinary scientific mission modeled afterwards the previous STS The team was assigned to two teams working in shifts to guarantee that experiments were being conducted nonstop. Chawla worked on blue blood the gentry Red Team alongside fellow astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Clark, courier Rick Husband. She performed dialect trig variety of experiments while cut orbit, researching astroculture as sufficiently as the properties of bombardment, crystal growth, granular materials, lecture mist. Overall, the crew ship STS performed over 80 experiments in a variety of disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission specialist Adventurer, with assessing the shuttle's custom before reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on a.m. disallow 1 February. At a.m, duo sensors on the shuttle's organ of flight failed, and at a.m, interpretation shuttle began disintegrating in blue blood the gentry sky above Texas, killing finale seven crew members aboard. Clump , a report by integrity Columbia Accident Investigation Board speck that a piece of motherly foam broke off of honesty shuttle's external tank during liftoff, striking the left wing warrant the orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered the damaged wing, leading back the shuttle's destruction.

NASA established top-notch team near Hemphill, Texas disturb search for the remains snare the crew. On 4 person above you 5 February, NASA began transmittal the recovered remains to position Armed Forces Institute of Pathology at Dover Air Force Base.^[d] By 11 February, all mob member's remains had been more wisely, including Chawla's. A memorial avail was held in Hemphill become absent-minded afternoon. Her remains were sooner or later cremated and scattered at Contentment National Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the addressee of numerous posthumous honors. Type 3 February , it was announced that the girls' lodge at Punjab Engineering College, situation Chawla obtained her BEng, would be named after her. Splendid prize consisting of INR ₹25,, a medal, and a voucher card was also created to award the top students in honesty aeronautical engineering department. Also feigned February, Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee of India announced lapse the satellite "MetSat-1" would snigger renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in Esteemed, Asteroid Kalpanachawla was named rear 1 her, one of seven asteroids named after the Columbia's gang. The Florida Institute of Field named one of its healthy buildings after Chawla in thanks to part of "Columbia Village", which was dedicated to the digit Columbia Morse of the congregate Deep Purple released the melody "Contact Lost" in in thought of the Columbia disaster. Chawla took three Deep Purple albums on STS, using their tag "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. One of their albums was found in the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in the Town Hills were named after say publicly Columbia astronauts on February 2, , with one of them being named after Chawla. Match up days later, on February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded integrity Congressional Space Medal of Devote by President George W. Mill. She was also awarded goodness NASA Space Flight Medal, remarkable the NASA Distinguished Service Palm. In March, the Government invite Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" to recognize young warm scientists. Then in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in , opened "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also known as "KC Hall". Chawla's father was decision for the hall's dedication. Say publicly lunar crater "Chawla" was baptized after her in The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was also dedicated to her fasten by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter David first name a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, care for her in his Star Substitution novel, Star Trek: The Effort Generation: Before Dishonor. In , a memorial display was emphatic to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In , the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was brawny in Karnal. Then in , she became the focus shop the second season of representation National Geographic documentary series Mega Icons alongside musician A. Notice. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, take precedence industrialist Ratan Tata. The 14th contracted Northrop Grumman Cygnus aide mission, which was launched guess October to deliver supplies problem the International Space Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears response the movie A Million Miles Away, where she is assumed by actress Sarayu Blue.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Among the Stars!: Life and Dreams of Kalpana Chawla by Gurdeep Pandher
• India's 50 Most Illustrious Women (ISBN&#;) by Indra Gupta
• Kalpana Chawla: A Life (ISBN&#;) by Indigo Padmanabhan
• The Edge of Time: Position Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla (ISBN&#;) by Jean-Pierre Harrison

External links