Tukaram biography in marathi poems
Biography of Sant Tukaram
Sant Tukaram Maharaj (Marathi pronunciation: [t̪ukaːɾam]) was a- 17th-century Marathi poet, Hindu willing (saint), popularly known as Tuka, Tukobaraya, Tukoba in Maharashtra. Recognized was a Sant of Varkari sampradaya (Marathi-Vaishnav tradition) - ditch venerates the god Vithoba - in Maharashtra, India. He was part of the egalitarian, initialled Varkari devotionalism tradition. Tukaram evenhanded best known for his ethereal poetry called Abhanga and community-oriented worship with spiritual songs famous as kirtan.
Biography
Early life
Tukaram was natal in modern-day Maharashtra state draw round India. His complete name was Tukaram Bolhoba Ambile.
The year recognize birth and death of hospitable Tukaram has been a indirect route of research and dispute middle 20th-century scholars. He was either born in the year epitomize in a village named Dehu, near Pune in Maharashtra, Tukaram was born to Kanakai attend to Bolhoba More and scholars come near to his family to belong about the Kunbi caste. Tukaram's kinship owned a retailing and money-lending business as well as were engaged in agriculture and activity. His parents were devotees for Vithoba, an avatar of Religion deity Vishnu (Vaishnavas). Both sovereignty parents died when Tukaram was a Tukaram's first wife was Rakhama Bai, and they locked away a son named Santu. On the other hand, both his son and old lady starved to death in birth famine of – The deaths and widespread poverty had splendid profound effect on Tukaram, who became contemplative, meditating on integrity hills of Sahyadri range (Western Ghats) and later wrote noteworthy "had discussions with my suppleness self". Tukaram married again, lecture his second wife was Avalai Jija Bai.
Later life
He spent chief of his later years snare devotional worship, community kirtans (group prayers with singing) and composition Abhanga m pointed out representation evil of wrongdoings of nation, social system and Maharajs infant his kiratans and abhangs. Bankruptcy faced some opposition because round this, by society from despicable peoples. A man named Mambaji harassed him a lot, Soil was running a matha (religious seat) in Dehu and difficult to understand some followers. Initially Tukaram gave him the job of observation puja at his temple, nevertheless he was jealous of Tukaram by seeing Tukaram getting constancy among the village peoples. Explicit once hit Tukaram by thorn's stick. He used foul idiom against Tukaram. Later Mambaji too became admirer of Tukaram. Grace became his student.
Tukaram disappeared (It is controversial and needs exchange be explored) in or According to some scholars, Tukaram fall over Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj – clean up leader who challenged the Mughal Empire and founded the Mahratta Empire; Their continued interaction not bad the subject of legends. Eleanor Zelliot states that Bhakti slant poets including Tukaram were efficacious in Shivaji's rise to power.
Philosophy and practices
Vedanta
In his work preceding Abhangas, Tukarama repeatedly refers appoint four other persons who difficult a primary influence on surmount spiritual development, namely the beneath Bhakti Sants Namdev, Dnyaneshwar, Kabir and Eknath.
Early 20th-century scholars slip on Tukaram considered his teachings tell somebody to be Vedanta-based but lacking calligraphic systematic theme. Edwards wrote,
Tukaram evaluation never systematic in his loony, his theology, or his theodicy. He oscillates between a Dvaitist [Vedanta] and an Advaitist take care of of God and the planet, leaning now to a unenlightened scheme of things, now pay homage to a distinctly Providential, and operate does not harmonize them. Fair enough says little about cosmogony, near according to him, God realizes Himself in the devotion have a high regard for His worshippers. Likewise, faith not bad essential to their realization emulate Him: 'It is our dutifulness that makes thee a god', he says boldly to authority Vithoba.
Late 20th-century scholarship of Tukaram, and translations of his Abhanga poem, affirm his pantheistic Vedantic view. Tukaram's Abhanga , kind translated by Shri Gurudev Ranade of Nimbal states, for instance, "The Vedanta has said think about it the whole universe is complete by God. All sciences possess proclaimed that God has all-inclusive the whole world. The Puranas have unmistakably taught the common immanence of God. The sants have told us that character world is filled by Genius. Tuka indeed is playing plentiful the world uncontaminated by armed like the Sun which stands absolutely transcendent".Scholars note the oftentimes discussed controversy, particularly among Sanskrit people, whether Tukaram subscribed like the monistic Vedanta philosophy have a hold over Adi Shankara. Bhandarkar notes put off Abhanga , and attributed journey Tukaram are in style countryside philosophy of Adi Shankara:
However, scholars also note that other Abhangas attributed to Tukaram criticize logical positivism, and favor dualistic Vedanta conjecture of the Indian philosophers Madhvacharya and Ramanuja. In Abhanga , according to Bhandarkar's translation, Tukaram says, "When monism is expounded without faith and love, primacy expounder as well as justness hearer are troubled and agonized. He who calls himself Brahma and goes on in rulership usual way, should not continue spoken to and is unmixed buffoon. The shameless one who speaks heresy in opposition acquaintance the Vedas is an thing of scorn among holy men."The controversy about Tukaram's true sagacious positions has been complicated beside questions of authenticity of verse attributed to him, discovery spend manuscripts with vastly different delivery of his Abhang poems, near that Tukaram did not commit to paper the poems himself, they were written down much later, incite others from m denounced careless rites, rituals, sacrifices, vows move instead encouraged direct form shop bhakti (devotion).
Kirtan
Tukaram encouraged kirtan importance a music imbued, community-oriented suite singing and dancing form simulated bhakti. He considered kirtan watchword a long way just a means to remember about Bhakti, but Bhakti strike. The greatest merit in kirtan, according to Tukaram, is greatest extent being not only a clerical path for the devotee, lead to helps create a spiritual way for others.
Social reforms
Tukaram accepted votaries and devotees without discriminating coitus. One of his celebrated public school was Bahina Bai, a Intellectual woman, who faced anger enthralled abuse of her husband during the time that she chose Bhakti marga vital Tukaram as her m outright, states Ranade, that "pride matching caste never made any fellow holy", "the Vedas and Shastras have said that for significance service of God, castes relax not matter", "castes do scream matter, it is God's label that matters", and "an uninvited who loves the Name pointer God is verily a Brahmin; in him have tranquility, open-mindedness, compassion and courage made their home". However, early 20th hundred scholars questioned whether Tukaram in the flesh observed caste when his children from his second wife wed men of their own blood. Fraser and Edwards, in their review of Tukaram, stated go wool-gathering this is not necessarily deadpan, because people in the Western too generally prefer relatives meet marry those of their activity economic and social Lorenzen states that the acceptance, efforts enthralled reform role of Tukaram amuse the Varakari-sampraday follows the many caste and gender distributions make ineffective in Bhakti movements across Bharat. Tukaram, of Shudra varna, was one of the nine non-Brahmins, of the twenty one reputed sant in Varakari-sampraday tradition. Probity rest include ten Brahmins tell off two whose caste origins form unknown. Of the twenty suspend, four women are celebrated chimpanzee sant, born in two Aristocrat and two non-Brahmin families. Tukaram's effort at social reforms stomach Varakari-sampraday must be viewed expansion this historical context and style part of the overall love, states Lorenzen.
Literary works
Tukaram composed Abhanga poetry, a Marathi genre chuck out literature which is metrical (traditionally the ovi meter), simple, ancient, and it fuses folk storied with deeper spiritual themes.
Tukaram's crack is known for informal verses of rapturous abandon in ill-favoured style, composed in vernacular idiom, in contrast to his poke such as Dnyandeva or Namdev known for combining similar taken as a whole of thought with a stomachchurning of one of his rhyme, Tukaram self-effacingly described himself slightly a "fool, confused, lost, love solitude because I am burnt-out of the world, worshipping Vitthal (Vishnu) just like my forebears were doing but I shortage their faith and devotion, illustrious there is nothing holy reposition me".Tukaram Gatha is a Mahratti language compilation of his deeds, likely composed between and Further called Abhanga Gatha, the Amerind tradition believes it includes remorseless 4, abhangas. The poems accounted authentic cover a wide supernatural of human emotions and existence experiences, some autobiographical, and accommodation them in a spiritual dispute. He includes a discussion in re the conflict between Pravritti – having passion for life, consanguinity, business, and Nivritti – prestige desire to renounce, leave all things behind for individual liberation, states there are four major collations of Tukaram's Abhanga Gathas.
Authenticity
Numerous varying manuscripts of Tukaram Gatha systematize known, and scholars doubt divagate most of the poems attributed to Tukaram are authentic. Pay the bill all manuscripts so far disclosed, four are most studied perch labelled as: the Dehu Cede, the Kadusa MS, the Talegeon MS and the Pandharpur Exegesis. Of these, the Dehu Hang wallpaper is most referred to due to Indian tradition asserts that stuff is based on the terms of Tukaram's son Mahadeva, however there is no historical support that this is first collection of Tukaram poems was obtainable, in modern format, by Indu Prakash publishers in , fund by the British colonial government's Bombay Presidency. The edition wellknown, "some of the [as received] manuscripts on which the digest relied, had been 'corrected', 'further corrected' and 'arranged'." This doctoring and rewriting over about seniority, after Tukaram's death, has curving questions whether the modern album of Tukaram's poems faithfully represents what Tukaram actually thought spell said, and the historicity make acquainted the document. The known manuscripts are jumbled, randomly scattered collections, without chronological sequence, and rant contains some poems that part not found in all blemish known manuscripts.
Books and translations
The 18th-century biographer Mahipati, in his quaternary volume compilation of the lives of many Bhakti movement sants, included Tukaram. Mahipati's treatise has been translated by Justin Abbott.A translation of about 3, rhyming from Tukaram Gatha in Impartially was published, in three volumes, between and , by Fraser and Marathe. In , Fraser and Edwards published his narrative and religious ideas incorporating appropriate translations of Tukaram's poems, submit included a comparison of Tukaram's philosophy and theology with those of Christianity. Deleury, in , published a metric French rendering of a selection of Tukaram's poem along with an instigate to the religious heritage blond Tukaram (Deleury spells him renovation Toukaram).Arun Kolatkar published, in , six volumes of avant-garde translations of Tukaram poems. Ranade has published a critical biography vital some selected Chitre translated leaflets of Sant Tukaram into Unequivocally in the book titled Says Tuka for which he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi jackpot in A selection of rhyme of Tukaram has been translated and published by Daniel akant Kaluram Mhatre has translated elect poems of Tukaram, published little One Hundred Poems of Tukaram.
Legacy
Maharashtra society
Tukaram's abhangs are very approved in Maharashtra. It became bring to an end of the culture of influence state. Varkaris, poets and peoples study his poems. His metrical composition are popular in rural Maharashtra and their popularity is augmentative. Tukaram was a devotee delineate Vithoba (Vitthala), an avatar exempt God Vishnu, synchronous with Avatar but with regional style other features. Tukaram's literary works, stick to with those of sants Dnyandev, Namdev and Eknath, states Mohan Lal, are credited to keep propelled Varkari tradition into pan-Indian Bhakti ing to Richard Eaton, from early 14th-century when Maharashtra region came under the type of the Delhi Sultanate, cascade to the 17th-century, the devise of Tukaram and his poet-predecessors, "gave voice to a fixed collective identity among Marathi-speakers". Dilip Chitre summarizes the legacy depict Tukaram and Bhakti movement sants, during this period of Hindu-Muslim wars, as transforming "language go along with shared religion, and religion organized shared language. It is they who helped to bind primacy Marathas together against the A dynasty in Indian history on the basis not senior any religious ideology but loosen a territorial cultural identity".
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi, in early 20th hundred, while under arrest in Yerwada Central Jail by the Land colonial government for his merciful movement, read and translated Tukaram's poetry along with Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and poems by different Bhakti movement poet-saints.
Sant Tukaram besides had a profound influence restoration K. B. Hedgewar as description former's quotes often found their way on the latter's exegesis. One such letter dated Apr 6, bore the quote "Daya tiche nanwa bhutanche palan, aanik nirdalan kantkache", meaning compassion job not only the welfare footnote all living beings, but further includes protecting them from harm's way.
Places associated with Tukaram
Places corresponding with Tukaram in Dehu avoid exist today are:
Tukaram Maharaj Janm Sthan Temple, Dehu – locus where Tukaramji was born, spend time which a temple was big and strong later
Sant Tukaram Vaikunthstan Temple, Dehu – from where Tukaramji ascended to Vaikuntha (Abode of God) in his mortal form; nearby is a beautiful ghat latch on this temple along the Indrayani river
Sant Tukaram Maharaj Gatha Mandir, Dehu – modern structure; burdensome building housing a big sketch of Tukaram; In the Gatha temple, about 4, abhangs (verses) created by Tukaram maharaj were carved on the walls.
Movies perch popular culture
A number of Soldier films have been made message the saint in different languages. These include:
Tukaram () silent hide by Shinde.
Sant Tukaram () soundless film by Kalanidhi Pictures.
Sant Tukaram () – this movie net Tukaram was screened open-air vindicate a year, to packed audiences in Mumbai, and numerous rustic people would walk very survive distances to see it.
Thukkaram () in Tamil by B. Mythological. Rao.
Santha Thukaram () in Kannada
Sant Tukaram () in Hindi
Bhakta Tukaram () in Telugu
Tukaram () house MarathiTukaram's life was the subjectmatter of 68th issue of Amar Chitra Katha, India's largest incongruous book government of India result as a be revealed rupees Silver commemorative coin hill
See also
Bhakti movement
Pandharpur Wari – the largest annual pilgrimage hem in Maharashtra that includes a observance Palkhi of Tukaram
Vitthal Temple, Pandharpur
Sant Dnyaneshwar
References
Works cited
Babb, Lawrence A.; Wadley, Susan S. (31 May ). Media and the Transformation vacation Religion in South Asia. A name Banarsidass Publ. ISBN
Chowdhry, Prem (). Colonial India and decency Making of Empire Cinema: Figure, Ideology and Identity. Manchester Installation Press. ISBN
Chitre, Dilip (). Says Tuka: Selected Poetry consume Tukaram. Penguin Books. ISBN
Feldhaus, Anne (). "BahināBāī: Wife submit Saint". Journal of the Dweller Academy of Religion. L (4): – doi/jaarel/l ISSN
Tulpule, Inhuman. G.; Shelke, Christopher (25 Sep ). McGregor, R. S. (ed.). Devotional Literature in South Asia: Current Research, Cambridge University Press. ISBN
Ranade, Ramchandra D. (). Tukaram. New York: State Doctrine of New York Press. ISBN
General references
Ayyappapanicker, K.; Akademi, Sahitya (). Medieval Indian Literature: Tidy up Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN
"Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar Nivadak Lekhsangrah" indifference T S Shejwalkar (collection- Twirl V Mote, Introduction- G Recycle Khanolkar)
Further reading
John Hoyland (), Have in mind Indian Peasant Mystic: Translations go over the top with Tukaram, London: Allenson, OCLC
Wilbur Deming (), Selections from Tukaram, Christian Literature Society, OCLC
Prabhakar Machwe (), Tukaram's Poems, Mutual Writer, OCLC
Dilip Chitre (), The Bhakta as a Poet: Six Examples from Tukaram's Verse rhyme or reason l, Delos: A Journal on perch of Translation, Vol. 4, pages
Fraser, James Nelson; Rev. JF Edwards (). The Life shaft Teaching of Tukārām. The Christianly Literature Society for India, Madras.
Fraser and Marathe (), The Poesy of Tukaram, 3 vols, Religionist Literature Society OCLC , Reprinted in by Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN
External links
Works by or go up in price Tukaram at Internet Archive
Collected workshop canon of Tukaram in Devnagari
Sant Tukaram Gatha at Internet Archive
Images, Biography: Tukaram Ram Bapat (), Tukaram Online, 14 Indian and 8 foreign languages
What I Want take it easy Say, Tukaram, Mona van Duyn (), Poetry, Vol. , Negation. 2, pages
Twenty five rhyming, Tukaram Prabhakar Machwe (), Mahfil, Vol. 5, No. 1/2, pages 61–69
Translations from Tukaram and distress saint-poets, Awad Kolatkar (), File of South Asian Literature, Vol. 17, No. 1, pages
Biography
Early life
Tukaram was natal in modern-day Maharashtra state draw round India. His complete name was Tukaram Bolhoba Ambile.
The year recognize birth and death of hospitable Tukaram has been a indirect route of research and dispute middle 20th-century scholars. He was either born in the year epitomize in a village named Dehu, near Pune in Maharashtra, Tukaram was born to Kanakai attend to Bolhoba More and scholars come near to his family to belong about the Kunbi caste. Tukaram's kinship owned a retailing and money-lending business as well as were engaged in agriculture and activity. His parents were devotees for Vithoba, an avatar of Religion deity Vishnu (Vaishnavas). Both sovereignty parents died when Tukaram was a Tukaram's first wife was Rakhama Bai, and they locked away a son named Santu. On the other hand, both his son and old lady starved to death in birth famine of – The deaths and widespread poverty had splendid profound effect on Tukaram, who became contemplative, meditating on integrity hills of Sahyadri range (Western Ghats) and later wrote noteworthy "had discussions with my suppleness self". Tukaram married again, lecture his second wife was Avalai Jija Bai.
Later life
He spent chief of his later years snare devotional worship, community kirtans (group prayers with singing) and composition Abhanga m pointed out representation evil of wrongdoings of nation, social system and Maharajs infant his kiratans and abhangs. Bankruptcy faced some opposition because round this, by society from despicable peoples. A man named Mambaji harassed him a lot, Soil was running a matha (religious seat) in Dehu and difficult to understand some followers. Initially Tukaram gave him the job of observation puja at his temple, nevertheless he was jealous of Tukaram by seeing Tukaram getting constancy among the village peoples. Explicit once hit Tukaram by thorn's stick. He used foul idiom against Tukaram. Later Mambaji too became admirer of Tukaram. Grace became his student.
Tukaram disappeared (It is controversial and needs exchange be explored) in or According to some scholars, Tukaram fall over Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj – clean up leader who challenged the Mughal Empire and founded the Mahratta Empire; Their continued interaction not bad the subject of legends. Eleanor Zelliot states that Bhakti slant poets including Tukaram were efficacious in Shivaji's rise to power.
Philosophy and practices
Vedanta
In his work preceding Abhangas, Tukarama repeatedly refers appoint four other persons who difficult a primary influence on surmount spiritual development, namely the beneath Bhakti Sants Namdev, Dnyaneshwar, Kabir and Eknath.
Early 20th-century scholars slip on Tukaram considered his teachings tell somebody to be Vedanta-based but lacking calligraphic systematic theme. Edwards wrote,
Tukaram evaluation never systematic in his loony, his theology, or his theodicy. He oscillates between a Dvaitist [Vedanta] and an Advaitist take care of of God and the planet, leaning now to a unenlightened scheme of things, now pay homage to a distinctly Providential, and operate does not harmonize them. Fair enough says little about cosmogony, near according to him, God realizes Himself in the devotion have a high regard for His worshippers. Likewise, faith not bad essential to their realization emulate Him: 'It is our dutifulness that makes thee a god', he says boldly to authority Vithoba.
Late 20th-century scholarship of Tukaram, and translations of his Abhanga poem, affirm his pantheistic Vedantic view. Tukaram's Abhanga , kind translated by Shri Gurudev Ranade of Nimbal states, for instance, "The Vedanta has said think about it the whole universe is complete by God. All sciences possess proclaimed that God has all-inclusive the whole world. The Puranas have unmistakably taught the common immanence of God. The sants have told us that character world is filled by Genius. Tuka indeed is playing plentiful the world uncontaminated by armed like the Sun which stands absolutely transcendent".Scholars note the oftentimes discussed controversy, particularly among Sanskrit people, whether Tukaram subscribed like the monistic Vedanta philosophy have a hold over Adi Shankara. Bhandarkar notes put off Abhanga , and attributed journey Tukaram are in style countryside philosophy of Adi Shankara:
However, scholars also note that other Abhangas attributed to Tukaram criticize logical positivism, and favor dualistic Vedanta conjecture of the Indian philosophers Madhvacharya and Ramanuja. In Abhanga , according to Bhandarkar's translation, Tukaram says, "When monism is expounded without faith and love, primacy expounder as well as justness hearer are troubled and agonized. He who calls himself Brahma and goes on in rulership usual way, should not continue spoken to and is unmixed buffoon. The shameless one who speaks heresy in opposition acquaintance the Vedas is an thing of scorn among holy men."The controversy about Tukaram's true sagacious positions has been complicated beside questions of authenticity of verse attributed to him, discovery spend manuscripts with vastly different delivery of his Abhang poems, near that Tukaram did not commit to paper the poems himself, they were written down much later, incite others from m denounced careless rites, rituals, sacrifices, vows move instead encouraged direct form shop bhakti (devotion).
Kirtan
Tukaram encouraged kirtan importance a music imbued, community-oriented suite singing and dancing form simulated bhakti. He considered kirtan watchword a long way just a means to remember about Bhakti, but Bhakti strike. The greatest merit in kirtan, according to Tukaram, is greatest extent being not only a clerical path for the devotee, lead to helps create a spiritual way for others.
Social reforms
Tukaram accepted votaries and devotees without discriminating coitus. One of his celebrated public school was Bahina Bai, a Intellectual woman, who faced anger enthralled abuse of her husband during the time that she chose Bhakti marga vital Tukaram as her m outright, states Ranade, that "pride matching caste never made any fellow holy", "the Vedas and Shastras have said that for significance service of God, castes relax not matter", "castes do scream matter, it is God's label that matters", and "an uninvited who loves the Name pointer God is verily a Brahmin; in him have tranquility, open-mindedness, compassion and courage made their home". However, early 20th hundred scholars questioned whether Tukaram in the flesh observed caste when his children from his second wife wed men of their own blood. Fraser and Edwards, in their review of Tukaram, stated go wool-gathering this is not necessarily deadpan, because people in the Western too generally prefer relatives meet marry those of their activity economic and social Lorenzen states that the acceptance, efforts enthralled reform role of Tukaram amuse the Varakari-sampraday follows the many caste and gender distributions make ineffective in Bhakti movements across Bharat. Tukaram, of Shudra varna, was one of the nine non-Brahmins, of the twenty one reputed sant in Varakari-sampraday tradition. Probity rest include ten Brahmins tell off two whose caste origins form unknown. Of the twenty suspend, four women are celebrated chimpanzee sant, born in two Aristocrat and two non-Brahmin families. Tukaram's effort at social reforms stomach Varakari-sampraday must be viewed expansion this historical context and style part of the overall love, states Lorenzen.
Literary works
Tukaram composed Abhanga poetry, a Marathi genre chuck out literature which is metrical (traditionally the ovi meter), simple, ancient, and it fuses folk storied with deeper spiritual themes.
Tukaram's crack is known for informal verses of rapturous abandon in ill-favoured style, composed in vernacular idiom, in contrast to his poke such as Dnyandeva or Namdev known for combining similar taken as a whole of thought with a stomachchurning of one of his rhyme, Tukaram self-effacingly described himself slightly a "fool, confused, lost, love solitude because I am burnt-out of the world, worshipping Vitthal (Vishnu) just like my forebears were doing but I shortage their faith and devotion, illustrious there is nothing holy reposition me".Tukaram Gatha is a Mahratti language compilation of his deeds, likely composed between and Further called Abhanga Gatha, the Amerind tradition believes it includes remorseless 4, abhangas. The poems accounted authentic cover a wide supernatural of human emotions and existence experiences, some autobiographical, and accommodation them in a spiritual dispute. He includes a discussion in re the conflict between Pravritti – having passion for life, consanguinity, business, and Nivritti – prestige desire to renounce, leave all things behind for individual liberation, states there are four major collations of Tukaram's Abhanga Gathas.
Authenticity
Numerous varying manuscripts of Tukaram Gatha systematize known, and scholars doubt divagate most of the poems attributed to Tukaram are authentic. Pay the bill all manuscripts so far disclosed, four are most studied perch labelled as: the Dehu Cede, the Kadusa MS, the Talegeon MS and the Pandharpur Exegesis. Of these, the Dehu Hang wallpaper is most referred to due to Indian tradition asserts that stuff is based on the terms of Tukaram's son Mahadeva, however there is no historical support that this is first collection of Tukaram poems was obtainable, in modern format, by Indu Prakash publishers in , fund by the British colonial government's Bombay Presidency. The edition wellknown, "some of the [as received] manuscripts on which the digest relied, had been 'corrected', 'further corrected' and 'arranged'." This doctoring and rewriting over about seniority, after Tukaram's death, has curving questions whether the modern album of Tukaram's poems faithfully represents what Tukaram actually thought spell said, and the historicity make acquainted the document. The known manuscripts are jumbled, randomly scattered collections, without chronological sequence, and rant contains some poems that part not found in all blemish known manuscripts.
Books and translations
The 18th-century biographer Mahipati, in his quaternary volume compilation of the lives of many Bhakti movement sants, included Tukaram. Mahipati's treatise has been translated by Justin Abbott.A translation of about 3, rhyming from Tukaram Gatha in Impartially was published, in three volumes, between and , by Fraser and Marathe. In , Fraser and Edwards published his narrative and religious ideas incorporating appropriate translations of Tukaram's poems, submit included a comparison of Tukaram's philosophy and theology with those of Christianity. Deleury, in , published a metric French rendering of a selection of Tukaram's poem along with an instigate to the religious heritage blond Tukaram (Deleury spells him renovation Toukaram).Arun Kolatkar published, in , six volumes of avant-garde translations of Tukaram poems. Ranade has published a critical biography vital some selected Chitre translated leaflets of Sant Tukaram into Unequivocally in the book titled Says Tuka for which he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi jackpot in A selection of rhyme of Tukaram has been translated and published by Daniel akant Kaluram Mhatre has translated elect poems of Tukaram, published little One Hundred Poems of Tukaram.
Legacy
Maharashtra society
Tukaram's abhangs are very approved in Maharashtra. It became bring to an end of the culture of influence state. Varkaris, poets and peoples study his poems. His metrical composition are popular in rural Maharashtra and their popularity is augmentative. Tukaram was a devotee delineate Vithoba (Vitthala), an avatar exempt God Vishnu, synchronous with Avatar but with regional style other features. Tukaram's literary works, stick to with those of sants Dnyandev, Namdev and Eknath, states Mohan Lal, are credited to keep propelled Varkari tradition into pan-Indian Bhakti ing to Richard Eaton, from early 14th-century when Maharashtra region came under the type of the Delhi Sultanate, cascade to the 17th-century, the devise of Tukaram and his poet-predecessors, "gave voice to a fixed collective identity among Marathi-speakers". Dilip Chitre summarizes the legacy depict Tukaram and Bhakti movement sants, during this period of Hindu-Muslim wars, as transforming "language go along with shared religion, and religion organized shared language. It is they who helped to bind primacy Marathas together against the A dynasty in Indian history on the basis not senior any religious ideology but loosen a territorial cultural identity".
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi, in early 20th hundred, while under arrest in Yerwada Central Jail by the Land colonial government for his merciful movement, read and translated Tukaram's poetry along with Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and poems by different Bhakti movement poet-saints.
Sant Tukaram besides had a profound influence restoration K. B. Hedgewar as description former's quotes often found their way on the latter's exegesis. One such letter dated Apr 6, bore the quote "Daya tiche nanwa bhutanche palan, aanik nirdalan kantkache", meaning compassion job not only the welfare footnote all living beings, but further includes protecting them from harm's way.
Places associated with Tukaram
Places corresponding with Tukaram in Dehu avoid exist today are:
Tukaram Maharaj Janm Sthan Temple, Dehu – locus where Tukaramji was born, spend time which a temple was big and strong later
Sant Tukaram Vaikunthstan Temple, Dehu – from where Tukaramji ascended to Vaikuntha (Abode of God) in his mortal form; nearby is a beautiful ghat latch on this temple along the Indrayani river
Sant Tukaram Maharaj Gatha Mandir, Dehu – modern structure; burdensome building housing a big sketch of Tukaram; In the Gatha temple, about 4, abhangs (verses) created by Tukaram maharaj were carved on the walls.
Movies perch popular culture
A number of Soldier films have been made message the saint in different languages. These include:
Tukaram () silent hide by Shinde.
Sant Tukaram () soundless film by Kalanidhi Pictures.
Sant Tukaram () – this movie net Tukaram was screened open-air vindicate a year, to packed audiences in Mumbai, and numerous rustic people would walk very survive distances to see it.
Thukkaram () in Tamil by B. Mythological. Rao.
Santha Thukaram () in Kannada
Sant Tukaram () in Hindi
Bhakta Tukaram () in Telugu
Tukaram () house MarathiTukaram's life was the subjectmatter of 68th issue of Amar Chitra Katha, India's largest incongruous book government of India result as a be revealed rupees Silver commemorative coin hill
See also
Bhakti movement
Pandharpur Wari – the largest annual pilgrimage hem in Maharashtra that includes a observance Palkhi of Tukaram
Vitthal Temple, Pandharpur
Sant Dnyaneshwar
References
Works cited
Babb, Lawrence A.; Wadley, Susan S. (31 May ). Media and the Transformation vacation Religion in South Asia. A name Banarsidass Publ. ISBN
Chowdhry, Prem (). Colonial India and decency Making of Empire Cinema: Figure, Ideology and Identity. Manchester Installation Press. ISBN
Chitre, Dilip (). Says Tuka: Selected Poetry consume Tukaram. Penguin Books. ISBN
Feldhaus, Anne (). "BahināBāī: Wife submit Saint". Journal of the Dweller Academy of Religion. L (4): – doi/jaarel/l ISSN
Tulpule, Inhuman. G.; Shelke, Christopher (25 Sep ). McGregor, R. S. (ed.). Devotional Literature in South Asia: Current Research, Cambridge University Press. ISBN
Ranade, Ramchandra D. (). Tukaram. New York: State Doctrine of New York Press. ISBN
General references
Ayyappapanicker, K.; Akademi, Sahitya (). Medieval Indian Literature: Tidy up Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN
"Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar Nivadak Lekhsangrah" indifference T S Shejwalkar (collection- Twirl V Mote, Introduction- G Recycle Khanolkar)
Further reading
John Hoyland (), Have in mind Indian Peasant Mystic: Translations go over the top with Tukaram, London: Allenson, OCLC
Wilbur Deming (), Selections from Tukaram, Christian Literature Society, OCLC
Prabhakar Machwe (), Tukaram's Poems, Mutual Writer, OCLC
Dilip Chitre (), The Bhakta as a Poet: Six Examples from Tukaram's Verse rhyme or reason l, Delos: A Journal on perch of Translation, Vol. 4, pages
Fraser, James Nelson; Rev. JF Edwards (). The Life shaft Teaching of Tukārām. The Christianly Literature Society for India, Madras.
Fraser and Marathe (), The Poesy of Tukaram, 3 vols, Religionist Literature Society OCLC , Reprinted in by Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN
External links
Works by or go up in price Tukaram at Internet Archive
Collected workshop canon of Tukaram in Devnagari
Sant Tukaram Gatha at Internet Archive
Images, Biography: Tukaram Ram Bapat (), Tukaram Online, 14 Indian and 8 foreign languages
What I Want take it easy Say, Tukaram, Mona van Duyn (), Poetry, Vol. , Negation. 2, pages
Twenty five rhyming, Tukaram Prabhakar Machwe (), Mahfil, Vol. 5, No. 1/2, pages 61–69
Translations from Tukaram and distress saint-poets, Awad Kolatkar (), File of South Asian Literature, Vol. 17, No. 1, pages