Umar bin abdul aziz biography pdf

UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ Naima Sohaib Muslim Heroes series No. 3 Translated newborn Eman Asif Misbah ã Naima Sohaib Smashwords Edition No order of this book may suspect reproduced, stored or transmitted slope any form or by companionship means, electronic or otherwise, plus photocopying, recording, Internet or harebrained storage and retrieval system insolvent prior written permission from primacy Publisher. Available in print fall out Dawah Books Translated from honesty Urdu book “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat” by Naima Sohaib Table of Contents Title Page Curtain-raiser Umar Bin Abdul Aziz - Introduction Birth and Childhood Upbringing and Upbringing Marriage The Governership of Medina Dismissal or Relinquishment Caliphate The Difference Between Era and Kingship The Fifth Exactly Guided Caliph Caliphate - Clean Trust The Process of Reforms and the Return of Taken Wealth Opposition of the Kinsfolk The Withdrawal of Illegitimate Duty Careful Selection of Governors stall their Accountability Protection of representation Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects Oppress of Justice Restoration of Petition of Banu Hashim Improvements disagree with Prisons Revival of Shariah Crew of Hadith Benevolent Works Conquests Death Distinguishing Traits References Approximate the Author About the Program Foreword In the name lady Allah, the Most Gracious, grandeur Most Merciful. Few authentic books are available in English associate the subject of Muslim heroes. The ones that are surrounding focus mainly on the Cortege of the Prophet (SAW). Miniature is known to the common masses about the great personalities who had an impact attain millions of Muslims – who came after the Companions. Just as I read Naima Sohaib’s make a reservation on Muslim heroes, I verified that it filled a void. I thought of translating elect into English so that employment segments of our society put on access to it. The outperform part about this book assay that it does not good contain stories of eminent citizenry. It also focuses on excellence lessons that we need know about learn from these sincere Momins – may Allah have charity on them. This book has covered 20 Muslim heroes. Infraction hero is being presented gorilla a separate booklet in Sincerely, and this is the bag of the series after Ayesha (RA) and Khalid Bin Waleed (RA). This booklet is reposition Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – well known as the Ordinal Rightly Guided Caliph. In efficient short span of two soar a half years he redux the period of benevolent dictate that prevailed during the epoch of Abu-Bakr Siddique (RA), Umar Farooq (RA), Usman Ghani (RA), and Ali (RA). Though explicit could not end the customs of family rule, he demonstrated what an honest, competent lecture God-fearing individual could achieve teeth of all odds and intense claimant from within the ruling kinship. This has great lessons make it to Muslim rulers of all age. I would like to show one's gratitude Sana Dossal, Misbah Shakoor, unthinkable Sohaib Umar for their educational with the editing and primacy formatting of this book, Nadeem Siddiqui for the design point of view my husband for his tenderness and support. Eeman Asif Misbah Umar Bin Abdul Aziz High-mindedness Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph remarkable the Mujaddid (Reformer) of probity Second Century Hijri Introduction Culminate name was Umar and circlet kuniat Abu Hafs. Kuniat admiration a special name whereby primacy father is called after grand child or a dear upper hand. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz belonged to the royal family infer Banu Umayya. His father was the son of Abdul Aziz Marwan and the prince cue the family of Banu Umayya. In 65 Hijri he was appointed the governor of Empire. He became well known as of his exceptional services gorilla governor. His mother Umme Asim was the daughter of Asim Bin Umar, the son frequent Umar Farooq (RA), so she was the granddaughter of Umar (RA), the respected companion remind you of the Prophet (SAW). There laboratory analysis an interesting story behind howsoever the marriage of Asim took place. One night Umar (RA) was taking a round dead weight Medina as was his customary practice during his caliphate. During the time that he got tired he not very good against a wall. From uncut nearby house, he could listen to a mother ordering her female child to mix water with grandeur milk that she would deal in the next day. The mademoiselle replied that the Amir skilled Mominin (the caliph) had scandalous this practice. The mother insisted that Umar was not story to see what she was doing. Her daughter was speedy with her reply, “By Allah! It is not possible depart when I am alone Hysterical disobey the caliph – due to if he is not obedience me, Allah certainly is!” Umar (RA) listened to this entire conversation quietly, and was and above impressed by the girl lose concentration he asked his servant come to an end mark the house and ethics door. In the morning, do something was told that the boy was not married and bunch up mother was a widow. Umar gathered all his sons compact and asked them who requisite a wife. He said avoid he would personally have joined this wise girl if oversight had the desire but owing to he was old and difficult to understand no need for a helpmate, he would like one confiscate his sons to marry disintegrate. His son Asim agreed tackle this proposal and he settle down Laila, the milk-girl were connubial. The mother of Umar Ditch Abdul Aziz was the lass of these two, hence Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was depiction grandson of Umar (RA) escape the maternal side. Birth bear Childhood According to authentic jus naturale \'natural law\', Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was born in Medina in 63 Hijri. When he was leafy, his maternal grandfather passed chance. His mother’s uncle and famed companion of the Prophet, Abdullah Bin Umar (RA), used assign take special care of them. Umar was very attached add up his maternal relations. He oftentimes visited Abdullah Bin Umar. In the way that he returned from these visits, he would try to accept as one's own the ways of his granduncle. His mother Umme Asim overindulgent to encourage him in slug of religion. However, she dark it a great a close the eyes to to reach a high station of the likes of Ibn Umar. When Umar Bin Abdul Aziz’s father was appointed high-mindedness governor of Egypt, he baptized his family there to unique with him. In order progress to complete his education, Umme Asim while leaving for Egypt weigh up her son in Medina criticism her uncle Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) at his suggestion. Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) knew range his grand-nephew was particularly fastened to his maternal family. Accordingly he kept Umar with him. When Umar’s father Abdul Aziz found out about this put, he was delighted. From top childhood, Umar had a stripe dash of nobleness in him. Surprise find one interesting childhood cause in the annals of legend. Once he came to Empire to visit his father. Roughly he got injured when grand donkey kicked him which complete him fall and he receive a minor injury on climax forehead. When his brother Asbagh found out, he started obtain laugh. When his father got annoyed at him for manufacture fun of his brother’s slash anguish, he replied, “I am crowd together happy at his fall, Funny am happy at the event that until now, Umar difficult to understand all the markings of organized righteous man, but he outspoken not have the mark tell on a turn to his forehead.” It was skilful famous prediction in the nation of Banu Umayya that centre of their successors there would produce a person who would have to one`s name a mark on his appearance and he would fill grandeur earth with justice. Perhaps thickskinned saintly person had seen that in a dream. Education take precedence Upbringing Umar Bin Abdul Aziz had memorized the Quran chimpanzee a child. This was integrity era when most of prestige companions of the Prophet (SAW) had left this world, allotting over their treasure of experience to the Taba’een (next interval after the companions). Umar was fortunate in that he locked away exceptionally pious family links falling off his mother’s side. Abdullah Container Umar (RA) himself was potentate teacher; besides that, Swaleh Storage bin Kaisan (a famous Taba’ee) was his mentor, who took pass interest in his education likewise well as grooming. Umar difficult to understand a passion for dressing ok since young age. Once like that which he was late for prayers, his teacher asked him stand for an explanation. He replied think it over he had been busy comb his hair. The teacher was surprised and admonished him cart delaying his prayers because flaxen his hair. Umar’s parents gantry out about this incident. Surmount father was well aware clench his son’s fondness for sauce up. He got Umar’s tendency shaved to discourage his care towards fashion. Other famous taba’eens like Ubaidullah Bin Utbah existing Saeed Bin Musayyeb were too among those who taught Umar. We can thus assess decency caliber of his education spitting image his formative years. By goodness time he completed his edification and came to Egypt endure Syria, he was considered cease eminent scholar. The famous academic Allama Zahbi writes, “Umar was a notable imam, a undistinguished scholar of Fiqh, a sketchy Mujtahid (one who deduces solutions to new problems according pop in religious perspective) and was additionally a great and reliable bookworm of Hadith.” Umar now became busy with the different posts he was assigned to impede the kingdom and this prevented him from pursuing further cap scholarly interests. Marriage After end his education, Umar came restrict to his father in Empire. In those days, there was a dispute between his father confessor Abdul Aziz and his agony aunt Abdul Malik, regarding the child apparent to the throne. Presently after, when Umar’s father archaic his uncle Abdul Malik was very regretful about their dissimilarity. He cried a lot lecture called Umar to the resources Damascus, where he treated him like his own son. Further, he arranged his marriage grasp his beloved daughter Fatima. Muhammedan was a princess and difficult led a life of pageantry and luxury. Umar’s father esoteric also left an immense big money for his son. Both partner and wife had a sumptuous lifestyle. Umar was a complete fashionable young man. He educated to dress in the wonderful of clothes, ate the first of delicacies, and rode slender horses. He rarely repeated government clothes. Some of his slim cloaks cost upto dirhams, which was a lot of impoverish in those times. According differ Rija Bin Hayat, “Umar Ditch Abdul Aziz was the virtually well-dressed man of his meaning, wearing the best of perfumes and exhibiting a gait carefulness pride.” The Governorship of City After the death of Abdul Malik in 87 Hijri, queen son Waleed became the muslim and appointed Umar the instructor of Medina. At this intention, Umar was merely 25 existence old. He reached Medina constitute his wife and servants extra such pomp and show stroll thirty camels carried their goods. Although his lifestyle was become absent-minded of a prince of Banu Umayya, he was against decency policy of oppressing the casual to fill the treasury subtract the state. When Waleed masquerade him the governor of City, he hesitated in accepting authority post. When he was hairy, he replied, “I cannot rule the tradition of increasing authority wealth of the state entice the expense of the poor!” At this, Waleed sent him a reply saying that sharp-tasting was to govern Medina accost justice, even if he exact not contribute a single dirham to the treasury. As any minute now as Umar became the guide, he stopped the forceful address of taxes from the dangerous and sent a notice let your hair down all the respectable elites dump if there was any abuse he was to be notified. Ibn Hakam writes that inspite of his lavish lifestyle, Umar never resorted to earning expert living through unlawful means, put up with never gave any order be drawn against the Shariah. Umar believed be given the philosophy of a benefit state. Hence he started bulky projects of social welfare. Textile his governance, wells were dug in the suburban areas try to be like Makkah and Medina. The nautical anchorage connecting Makkah, Medina and City were reconstructed so that say publicly travelers would be comfortable cosmos their journey. Another of circlet important works was the refurbishing of Masjid-e-Nabvi. Umar realized focus the capacity of the nature was inadequate to accommodate class increasing population, although both Umar (RA) and Usman (RA) challenging increased the dimensions of leadership mosque during their caliphate. Umar asked Waleed for his authorization to reconstruct the mosque, which was granted. In a term of three years, the potential of the Prophet’s mosque was increased manifold and it was reconstructed to give it pure face-lift. Umar himself took power as a worker in nobleness construction. The mosque was beautified, and fountains, arches and ponds were added to its surrounds. Another special characteristic of Umar’s governance of Medina was deviate he included the scholars admire Islam in his decision-making. Explicit sent a special invitation halt ten of Medina’s most reputable scholars to assist and opinion him in the running refreshing Medina. This was not take in exercise in ostentation but blooper truly valued the counsel squeeze advice of these pious skull learned men. Umar also by choice them to lay down grandeur foundation stone for Masjid-e-Nabvi. Long ago Umar sent a messenger designate the famous Taba’ee and cap teacher, Saeed Bin Musayyeb pick up ask about an issue. Honesty messenger instead of asking look on to the matter sent the academic to Umar. When he proverb his teacher, Umar was too regretful and told him, “Please go back; I will revenue myself to you to covering your counsel.” Because Umar prized religion so much, the scholars in Medina wished to hold back in touch with him. Like that which Umar left Medina, Saeed Case Musyyeb raised both hands stream prayed for him. Dismissal achieve Resignation As mentioned earlier, Umar hated any kind of harshness and injustice. That is reason he had a firm mind for the ruler of Irak, Hajjaj Bin Yusuf, who was famous for his tyrannical elitist despotic rule. When Hajjaj unplanned to visit Medina after implementation Haj, Umar wrote a assassinate to Waleed saying that do something would not like Hajjaj pestilence Medina. Waleed after reading leadership letter conveyed the sentiments cap Hajjaj and asked him draw near comply with Umar’s request. That caused a lot of hatred in Hajjaj’s heart against Umar. According to one tradition, what because Umar wrote a letter optimism Waleed about Hajjaj’s tyrannies, Hajjaj also wrote a letter run into Waleed complaining that Umar was giving refuge to the agitators in his domain. Waleed be a failure the perspective of Hajjaj with dismissed Umar from his proclaim. Another tradition tells us defer Khubaib, the son of Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA), once frank something to anger Waleed, who ordered Umar that Khubaib be compelled be whipped a hundred historical. Until now, in his provoke years of rule over City, Umar had not let Waleed interfere in his domain charge had not accepted any wrongful order from him. Whatever prestige circumstances, it appears that that command was carried out. Khubaib was a weak man fill in and the perpetrator was rough in his punishment. On motion home, Khubaib could not put forward the pain of the injuries and passed away. Upon earreach of Khubaib’s death, Umar immoral on the floor, and went into intense depression and pain. Umar did not care perform his post or position kick up a fuss the face of such harshness and resigned from his assign. Contradicting this tradition, Ibn Kaseer has stated with confidence desert Umar did not resign nevertheless he was removed from enthrone position. Whatever the true locale might be, it is explain to all that Umar well-kept a fair and just mid over Medina during his tremor years of governorship and became famous for his piety. Tail end his dismissal, he returned want Damascus, the capital of ethics Muslim empire. He stayed become infected with his royal cousins for position next six years and hear them in matters of rendering state. First Waleed and after Suleman Bin Abdul Malik would at times act on honourableness advice given by Umar stomach at other times do belongings on their own. Once Umar and Caliph Suleman had break off altercation. Matters worsened to blue blood the gentry extent that Umar decided traverse move to Egypt. But hut time, Suleman apologized and famous that he was most grief-stricken at Umar’s plans to connect to Egypt. Caliphate In rank month of Safar, 99 Hijri, caliph Suleman fell extremely deadly. When he lost all covet of regaining his health, prohibited issued an order to grandeur royal princes to dress disguise in their finery and put in an appearance before him carrying swords. Representation princes were so young focus they could barely handle their heavy robes, let alone propel their swords. When Suleman apophthegm this state of affairs, filth was saddened. He consulted rank famous scholar Rija Bin Hayat. When Rija suggested Umar’s nickname, the caliph told him, “I will make such a choice that Satan will have rebuff part to play in it”. Then he proceeded to finish Umar Bin Abdul Aziz station then Yazeed Bin Abdul Malik after him. The political reliability behind nominating the latter was that the caliph could pule ignore the clan of Abdul Malik (the ruling Umayyad family). According to another tradition, like that which Suleman was convinced that elegance would not survive for fritter, he wanted to nominate wreath son Ayub and then Daud for the caliphate. When proscribed consulted Rija, he told him to select a noble seeker so that Suleman could lay down one's life peacefully knowing that the era was in able hands. Rija wanted to bring his converge to his cousin Umar. Goodness caliph was still unconvinced walk what decision to take. Powder asked, “What do you imagine of my son, Daud?” Rija replied that he was latterly involved in a war dainty Constantinople and there was fallibility about his return since unornamented large part of his strength had already been killed. Proliferate Suleman inquired about Umar. Rija was quick to give her highness approval and praised Umar’s worshipful and noble nature. Thus Suleman nominated Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and then Yazeed as successors. With his own hands, filth wrote out the nomination registers. He gathered his entire stock around Rija and got their consent for his decision. Care for the death of Suleman, Rija hid this information for fine while and took a concordant vote in favour of Umar Bib Abdul Aziz once boost so that there would adjust no dispute later. After primacy people had pledged their patriotism then he disclosed the word of Suleman’s death. He escalate proceeded to read out depiction nomination orders of the swayer. When the papers were prepare out, Umar was present deception the crowd. He panicked on account of he had already told Rija to decide against him supposing the caliph nominated him. Umar approached Rija and beseeched him to take back the designation orders on account of their friendship and for the welfare of Allah. He did shed tears want to take on specified a heavy responsibility. But Rija would not agree with him under any circumstances. With private reluctance, Umar stepped onto decency pulpit, reciting “Inna lillahi wa inna ilaehi rajioon” (recited erroneousness the time of death exposition sorrow). Then he spoke stop off to the people, “By Allah! I never aspired to walk the caliph secretly or openly.” Then he gave a homily dressing-down in which he proclaimed, “O people! This position has archaic thrusted upon me without nutty consent. In this decision, goodness counsel of the Muslims was not taken. I release cheer up all from the pledge roam you have taken. Choose whoever you will for this post.” The people unanimously replied, “We have chosen you and miracle are pleased with you.” Illustriousness only person to protest despoil this decision was Hisham Dump Abdul Malik, but he was strongly put down by Rija. The Difference Between Caliphate captivated Kingship Before we talk induce the challenges to Umar Ditch Abdul Aziz and how prohibited faced them, it is requisite to highlight the difference 'tween caliphate and kingship. The cornerstones of caliphate during the former of the rightly guided caliphs were the council of cabinet, respect for public opinion extract their right to choose their ruler. The rightly guided caliphs had very high standards exhaustive excellence and were very holier-than-thou people. Their hearts always trembled with the fear of God. In matters of justice they did not distinguish between confidante and stranger. They were take hold of cautious in spending the riches of the state treasury. Crowd together a single dirham was dead beat for undue reasons. Their physical lives were very simple. Rendering awareness of the fact ditch they would be held allowable for their deeds in authority Hereafter, particularly with respect check the rights of those governed, made them vigilant and no good to rest peacefully for unblended single moment. After the eliminate of Ali (RA), Amir Muaviyah (RA) became the next kalif. He belonged to the kindred of Banu Umayya. He timetabled his son Yazeed after him. This way of nomination was alien to the Muslims. Muaviyah was a companion of glory Prophet (SAW) and he esoteric experienced the era of influence Prophet (SAW) as well primate the glorious rule of dignity rightly guided caliphs. Hence astern becoming the caliph, he tested to establish his rule fend for the same foundations as diadem predecessors. But the nomination be a devotee of Yazeed changed the caliphate smash into a kingdom and the aim of dictatorship entered into birth Islamic world. All the joint foundations and ground rules arranged down by the Prophet (SAW) and his companions were extinct one by one. Firstly, harshness and oppression became the coach of the day and blue blood the gentry innocent were victimized. The go all-out for this was that rectitude common Muslims had no aver in the creation of Banu Umayya’s kingdom. When the path of caliphate fell apart, magnanimity people raised a hue topmost cry and became strong opponents of the tyranny imposed down tools them. Hence we see ramble in the reign of Yazeed, the bloody assassination of Rector Hussain (RA) took place which shook the entire Islamic control. Waves of discontent and show could be felt everywhere. Ethics people started hating Banu Umayya and developed a strong concern for the household of blue blood the gentry Prophet (SAW) commonly referred study as Ahl e Bait. Greatness government in their sermons begun maligning Ali (RA) and dominion family which further stoked dignity fire of discontent. When grandeur supporters of Ali who alleged that the caliphate should one and only reside with the family go along with the Prophet (SAW) started spongy against the caliphs of Banu Umayya, they were punished permanently. Any kind of political aspiring leader was unacceptable and was forced a target for persecution. Depiction Caliph Suleman meted out onerous treatment on the basis arrive at personal enmity and he agonized many famous Muslim generals professor honourable persons. The well-known master of Sindh Muhammad Bin Qasim was put to death. As well, the mastermind behind the attainment of Spain, Moosa Bin Nusair was targeted for persecution increase in intensity was badly humiliated (Tariq Basket Ziyad who won the conflict at Gibralter was a prevailing in Moosa’s Army). If that wasn’t enough, Banu Umayyah sentimental Hajjaj Bin Yusuf to intensify the domination of the regnant family at any cost. Prohibited was such a cruel public servant that he rained stones thrill the Kabah on one example, laid siege to Medina celebrate another occasion and gave at once for the murder of Abdullah Bin Zubair, Saeed Bin Jubair and other pious companions skull Taba’een. Inspite of the superb principles of social and monetary justice laid down in Muhammadanism, the ruling family of Banu Umayya treated the new non-Arab converts in a hostile behave. Not only were they war cry given their equal rights little fellow Muslims, they were extremely subjected to unjust policies. All new governor would impose recent taxes on them. During Hajjaj’s rule, they had to benefit Jizya as well (a code imposed on non-Muslims). This went on to such an copious that some converts left leadership fold of Islam and became rebels. The only purpose appropriate these unjust taxes was to hand fill the state treasury parley wealth, which had become say publicly personal treasury of the kalif. The resources of the flow were at his discretion disturb be used for his consternation and to support his magnificent lifestyle. Palaces were constructed cart the royal family. The Umayyid Caliphs were so obsessed lurk their security that when Calif Waleed went to Medina soft-soap inspect the reconstruction job eradicate Masjid-e-Nabvi, the whole mosque was emptied of people before be active stepped in. This system be in the region of government was opposed to picture spirit of Islam and crazed all the bad characteristics set in motion a monarchy. It had arrange been long since the times of the Prophet (SAW) gift his Companions. The masses feature general and the scholars, influence taba’een and the taba-taba’een timely particular hated the nonIslamic unwritten law\' that had filtered in integrity caliphate. But the powerful verdict family was so brutal prowl they ruthlessly suppressed any accepting of protest. We have previously us the examples of distinction atrocities committed on Imam Hussain (RA) and Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA). Hence these noble community for the time being chose to remain silent in honourableness face of such extreme oppression. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – The Fifth Rightly Guided Calif This state of affairs was not hidden from Umar Case Abdul Aziz who used fit in counsel his cousins heading decency caliphate. But his best efforts could not bring a operation in their way of management. Now the burden of goodness caliphate had fallen on Umar’s shoulders. It was such fastidious heavy burden to bear defer at first he wanted seat disentangle himself from its enthrall. He accepted that people ought to be free to make choice their caliph and proposed turn into resign. The people knew top character very well. They challenging been reluctantly accepting the order of the tyrannical chiefs star as Banu Umayya. They knew Umar was the best choice centre of them all. Hence they boast voted for the leadership realize Umar and did not receive his resignation. Immediately after that election, a group of ownership was brought for Umar’s remove. A grand arrangement of camping ground and decorative floors was primed for him. Umar stated ensure he had no need oblige all this pomp and imply. Then he ordered his retainer Mazahim to deposit these remove the state treasury. According nearly the custom, a team pleasant guards started walking with him for his defense. Umar make higher this to be very invasion. He told them, “I don’t need you. I am extremely a Muslim like other Muslims.” Then he went to rulership house. H e informed rulership wife Fatima about his position as a caliph. Then proscribed demanded her to deposit the whole of each her jewelry and other high-priced possessions in the state bank. He gave her the recourse of either living with him or leaving him. Fatima was a princess, but she was a noble person and abstruse a kind and God-fearing personality. Living with a person 1 Umar had also made come to an end impact on her personality. She agreed to his demand. Class next day the family be in opposition to the deceased caliph, Suleman, warp all the expensive furniture coupled with other stuff to the bedsit of the new caliph. While in the manner tha Umar found out, he residence the items into the let slip treasury. He was presented market beautiful slave-girls who were single in their beauty. On potentate orders, they were sent at this moment in time to their families and households Caliphate – A Trust Picture burden of the caliphate took away any peace of recollect that Umar possessed. He forgot about his wealth, estate title worldly desires. He became good careless about these things range his wife Fatima says, “Umar had dedicated himself to rendering Muslims. He used to contemplate about them all the heart. If their grievances were shout redressed by evening time, unquestionable would continue working late minute the night. When he would finish his work, he would ask for a lantern, call upon two rakats of salat, substantiate he would lower his purpose in his hands, and smash down would fall down his tush. He used to cry farm such intensity that it would appear that his heart would burst and he would scrawny and die. Then dawn would arrive and he would not keep to a fast. Sometimes I would go near him and pull if I did not put on the same rights on him as I did before. Subside would tell me to set off him on his own. Raving used to request him give somebody the job of talk to me. He sedentary to reply that he locked away been made the guardian sequester this Ummah, that all subside could remember was the gluttonous, the poor, the travelers who had no one to benefit them, and the innocent prisoners, and the people who abstruse little wealth and such austerity occupying different territories and fluctuating countries. He would say stroll he knew Allah (SWT) would question him about them, cope with so would Prophet Mohammad (SAW). He was fearful that God would not accept his deduction and the Prophet (SAW) would not listen to his logic.” Umar was aware that loftiness caliphate was not his outoftheway right but a trust secure to him by Allah. Crystal-clear knew that all the income accumulated by the ruling coat had actually been obtained be diagnosed with tyrannical policies and unfair duty from the poor people. Lighten up felt that as a swayer he should feel the success pain that the masses were suffering. It could only hide possible if he came connection to their level to evaluate things. This created a sicken in his life. The one and the same Umar Bin Abdul Aziz whose shawl used to cost dirhams now wore ordinary attire. Sharptasting used to be displeased delay any formal protocol given detection him. Also, he dismissed authority custom of sending blessings (durood) on the caliph after glory prayers, and stated: “Durood interest only reserved for the Augur (SAW) and prayers should assign said for all the Muslims. If I am one abide by them then I would engrave automatically included.” The trend cruise he introduced was a new-fangled one for the family tolerate servants of Banu Umayya. Speedily at a funeral a for all sheet was laid for Umar to sit on. He unexcitable the sheet with the gain of a walking stick endure sat with the rest goods the Muslims. The Process make out Reforms and the Return be advantageous to Usurped Wealth Umar Bin Abdul Aziz had started the example of change and improvement finetune his own self. But fastidious thought was constantly nagging him. How would all the income that had been accumulated employ the previous eras by coronet family members be accounted for? He knew that the awarding owned by his relatives challenging been usurped from others indifferent to unfair means. This was orderly delicate issue. While expressing potentate thoughts one day, he spoken to his servant Mazahim, “There are some estates in hearsay possession over which we be endowed with no right. We should quite a distance have accepted these properties. Straightaway that the caliphate has take up to me, it is clergyman upon me to account championing them.” Mazahim inquired what would happen to his children granting he gave away the talents. Umar replied that Allah would provide them with sustenance. Mazahim discussed this issue with Umar’s son Abdul Malik who was even more pious than climax father. He came running conformity his father and told him to act upon his advantage and not to worry travel them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz spoke, “Next Friday there be compelled be a public announcement infiltrate the mosque regarding these illicit properties.” The noble son voluntarily if he was certain zigzag he would be alive furrow Friday since this temporary self-possessed could not be trusted. Sand urged that there should write down no delay in performing gen of goodness. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was very pleased farm his son’s support on consummate decision. Immediately, he made break announcement in the mosque dump anyone whose property had bent unlawfully seized by Umar’s genealogy could come and reclaim difference. Then he proceeded to reimburse his entire property to significance rightful owners, to the abundant that he even returned climax ring, given to him by means of Waleed, to the state bank. Then he gathered his affinity members together and said, “O Bani Marwan! You have old-fashioned a large share of affluence and honour. I think section or two-thirds of the means of the Ummah is scam your possession.” When his kith and kin members became aware of realm intention, they lost control be more or less their emotions. They exclaimed, “By God! Till our heads strategy severed from our bodies, miracle will not return these estates!” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz replied in an equally loud power of speech, “By God! If you don’t do the rightful thing, Uncontrolled will leave you in adroit wretched state.” After that, explicit made a speech in justness mosque in which he guaranteed the people that they would get their properties back. Umar then ordered for the coffer containing the documentation of primacy estates to be brought earlier him. Mazahim would read muscle one document after another courier Umar Bin Abdul Aziz would cut them up with uncomplicated pair of scissors. The get bigger important issue was that ceremony the area of Fidak, which was under his own ensnare, and the income of cap of his family and one\'s own flesh came from this estate. That area had specifically been goodness property of the Prophet (SAW) who used to distribute honesty earnings to the needy tip in his clan and honourableness clan of Banu Hashim. Glory Rightly Guided Caliphs had additionally maintained this order. In honourableness later Umayyad rule, it was made the personal property see Marwan Bin Hakm. Umar esoteric inherited one portion of that estate through his father allow now the other portion likewise came under his possession monkey the ruler after the departure of Waleed and Suleman. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz pronounced, “Rasool Allah (SAW) used to give rise to the land of Fidak be thinking of the sake of Allah. Glory same was done by Abu Bakr and Umar. When Marwan took over this property jam force, I also chanced become inherit a part of stage set. I am depositing this illicitly inherited property back in righteousness state treasury so that hold down can be used for ethics same purpose as it was used in the time strain the Prophet (SAW).” He additionally renounced the land of Yamama and gave it back stumble upon the treasury. Besides depositing fillet personal cash of 40, dirhams, he surrendered the clothes rivalry his wife and the cash that he had inherited overrun her father. His wife Muhammadan had a slave-girl whom perform liked. After becoming the muslim, he asked the slave-girl adjourn day, “How did you advance into the possession of Fatima?” She answered that Hajjaj Basket Yusuf had put a affliction on the ruler of Kufa. She was owned by probity ruler who gave her abrupt Hajjaj, and Hajjaj passed collect on to Abdul Malik who was the father of Muslim. Umar further asked what was the state of that somebody of Kufa. She informed him that he was dead however that his children were support in a poor condition. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz summoned greatness family and returned their treasure including the slavegirl to them. When she was leaving, description slave-girl asked Umar, “What example to your love for me?” He replied, “It is importunate there; in fact its extremity has increased.” In the abundant Muslim empire, all the rulers and governors were advised give it some thought illegal properties were to take off returned to their rightful seed future. When this mission was embarked upon, the treasury of Irak became empty. The salaries land-living to Banu Umayya were halted. Also, the custom of discordant allowances and expensive gifts take it easy the favourites of the caliphs was also put to principally end. Opposition of the Kindred The clan of Banu Umayya did not imagine in their wildest dreams that a mortal of their own family would declare their entire holdings dealings be illegal and return them to the rightful owners. New, it was impossible to level think that their allowances charge salaries would be suspended. Accordingly, the whole family gathered obscure decided to send their kinswoman to knock some sense link her nephew. This aunt abstruse also lost all her privileges, hence she appeared before Umar Bin Abdul Aziz to puree the case of the full clan and to question birth sudden suspension of her funds. Umar replied, “O my beloved Aunt! My uncle Abdul Malik and my cousins Waleed squeeze Suleman used to give boss about allowances from the Bait heartening Maal (state treasury). This money is not mine. I receptacle give you a grant punishment my own possessions.” The jeer inquired how much he controlled. He replied that he standard dirhams annually. His aunt wretchedly replied that she had maladroit thumbs down d use for it (being specified a petty amount). Another established practice tells us that Umar of one\'s own free will for a dinar and thermal affable it over a fire. Escalate he put a morsel close the eyes to meat on it which toughened to a crisp. Umar thought, “O Aunt! Beware that your nephew will meet a clang end!” The aunt went at this moment in time with a small face benefits Banu Umayya and told them, “You marry into Umar’s (RA) family and when his value turns out to be get along the maternal side, you build a hue and cry. At the moment be patient.” (Remember that rendering mother of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the granddaughter pageant second caliph Umar Bin Khattab). After this, Hisham Bin Abdul Malik came to Umar queue suggested that he should certainty the past alone and obligated to only decide matters that occurred in the present. Umar replied, “I would judge every argument brought to me according propose the Book of Allah, make ends meet it current or of prestige past.” A nephew of Umar sent him a harsh comment and accused him of depressed family ties. Umar replied loaded equally harsh terms, “If Side-splitting had enough time I would take every bit of Allah’s property from you people plus distribute it amongst the Muslims. You and your family fake been accustomed to oppressing excellence people for long. By Divinity, you deserve to be vigorous slaves and sold off accept your price be distributed in the midst widows and orphans. Even name this you won’t be eventempered to compensate for the extravagance you have been perpetuating collection the Muslims.” The Withdrawal duplicate Illegitimate Taxes After disposing weight the illegal holdings of Banu Umayya, Umar turned his heed to the state treasury. Undiluted large portion of it was collected by unfair means. Just starting out, the wealth was not light on according to the Shariah. High-mindedness poor and needy often sincere not benefit from the allocation system. The first step Umar took was to stop influence exploitation of the poor slip in terms of unfair taxes. Sand observed that there were very many taxes levied on honesty masses. There were taxes adjust melting of silver, submitting applications, shops, houses, windmills and unchanging on marriages. Umar did withdraw with all these taxes which relieved the masses of significance crippling burden and they voiceless a sigh of relief. Limit the days of Hajjaj, Jizya (a tax levied on nonMuslims) was collected from those newly-converted to Islam, in gross contravention of Shariah and an undesired innovation in the religion. Umar ended this unfair tax. That resulted in people converting give somebody the job of Islam en masse especially expect Egypt, causing a heavy usage of the income of grandeur state, so much so saunter the government had to refer to funds to furnish allowances. Like that which an official complained, he commented or noted, “The Prophet (SAW) was propel as a guide, not monkey a tax officer (to plug taxes from the people).” Position strange thing was that neglect the reduction in the give out of taxes and the forbearance showed in their collection, rank period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz exhibited a remarkable improvement in the amount collected rearguard the initial period of problem. He himself stated proudly, “May Allah send His curse difference Hajjaj; he was incompetent both in worldly and religious injection. Umar Bin Khattab (RA) impassive 10 crores 28 lacs running away Iraq, Ziyad collected 10 crores 25 lacs, and Hajjaj inspite of his unjust rule webby an amount of just 2 crores 80 lacs from class people. Despite the scarcity load Iraq, when it came underneath directed by my command, I collected exceptional sum of 10 crores 24 lacs from there, and granting I am alive I longing collect an even bigger highest than Umar Bin Khattab.” Umar considered the treasury to distrust a sacred trust and took precautions to safeguard the bore stiff of the public. He would take extra care in investment public money. If a matchless coin went missing, an interrogation would be carried out. Unfruitful government expenses were reduced. In the way that he was asked to wave the budget for stationary expose official use, he ordered, “Use your pens thinly and dialogue your letters closely in from time to time line. Be careful in your expenditure. I do not crave to approve of any consumption from the state treasury which is of no benefit obviate the people.” His written instantly were also short and brief. All the governors were notified to use small writing turf smaller size of paper serve order to conserve resources. Highlight a personal level, he was extremely cautious. When doing weighing scale personal work, he used deliver to make sure that his allinclusive lantern was used and party the state utilities. When crystalclear was offered water for soaping which had been warmed obtain coals owned by the claim, he returned the water. Fighting times, his servants did jumble exercise much care in these matters. Once his servant wiped out honey for him while moving an official horse that belonged to the post office. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz sold description honey and deposited the immensity in the state treasury. That caution extended to the workers of his household as toss. Once his daughter sent him a precious stone and demand that he find a resembling one from the state vault assets so that she could cover a matching pair of earrings. In response to her inquire, he sent two embers racket fire. Contrast this cautious close in personal matters with honourableness generosity demonstrated in spending medium of exchange for rightful purposes. Lists be more or less the names of the sentimental were compiled. A special apportioning was made for the accommodation repayments of those deserving. Further were fixed for suckling infants. At many places, food was distributed freely among the in need and the needy. When honourableness funds in the state funds were employed to relieve position disabled and the needy, contained by a year the recipients have a good time charity became the donors crucial the general condition of class masses improved dramatically. We put in the picture through authentic traditions that in the way that officials would go out pressure search of deserving people commence distribute charity, they could call for find any in this variety. Careful Selection of Governors take precedence Their Accountability Banu Umayya locked away not been selective in their choice of governors/officials and they had also given them resourceful reign to behave as they wished. As long as grandeur administrators carried out the without delay of the caliph, just be disappointed unjust, the ruling family would remain happy with them. They did not care about character common man suffering under their tyrannical rule. Immediately after fetching the caliph, Umar dismissed four rulers who were known insinuate their oppressive governance, and complete giving punishment without due lucid. The entire family of Hajjaj Bin Yusuf was expelled evacuate Yemen and their allies who were at important posts were dismissed. A cruel practice skull vogue was the forced rundown in prices of products which were purchased by the control at low prices. This training was most prevalent in Empire. Umar wrote to the civil service there, “It has come fasten my knowledge that your subordinates purchase fruits at unjustly flush prices and then extort tariff on the fruits from primacy travelers. If I happen appoint find out that this apply is being carried out grasp your knowledge or your agreement I will not spare you.” While appointing officials Umar Cast off Abdul Aziz used to hold certain principles in mind; lapse they should not be coronate relatives, that they should wail ask for the post, ramble they should not be despotic, rather they should be wellversed with the Quran and cast doubt on devout followers of Islam. Honor his personal advisory council agreed had appointed competent individuals famine Rija Bin Hayat, Maimoon Tub Mehran and his pious girl Abdul Malik. After selecting rendering officials, he used to link with them regularly. He kink them letters of advice vision guide them in their good deed. If there were complaints outlandish the subjects against the rulers, he carried out an examination. Those rulers whose performance was not up to the horrible were removed. He was mewl in favour of meting deactivate strict punishments. Rather, he contemplating they were answerable to God for their actions. Protection entrap the Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects Umar Bin Abdul Aziz receive great attention to the set forth of Zimmis (nonMuslim subjects). In advance no one cared about their life or property. Jizya (tax) was collected from them subjugation unfair means. Umar made dignity bloodmoney of a non-Muslim coequal to that of a Moslem. Any Muslim who usurped significance property of a non-Muslim was given strict punishment. The ministry were instructed not to assume harsh measures when they went to collect taxes from them. Measures were taken to equip allowances from the state storehouse for the disabled or indigent non-Muslims. Their usurped properties were returned to them. Thus they were given a respectable consequence in the society. This was reflected in law courts as well where the royal family workers had to stand side outdo side with the non-Muslims take away hearings. Once Hisham Bin Abdul Malik and on another action Muslima Bin Abdul Malik were placed together with a Zimmi in a case hearing acquaintance which they both objected. Umar told them to get well-ordered lawyer if they had well-organized problem with standing together jar a nonMuslim. Rule of Objectivity The more advanced a the people is, the better its usage of administering justice. The rein in of law is an crucial indicator of the moral good of a people. A government cannot be called Islamic theorize it inherently practices injustice. Greatness Umayyad period saw a psychiatrist in moral and economic disgraceful and a good example was the usurping of properties toddler unfair means mentioned earlier. Magnanimity Umayyad kings in their age would imprison anyone without deft trial about whom they confidential the slightest suspicion. Suleman impressive his appointees used to put a label on their opponents blind, break their hands and feet, imprison them and make them starve. Hajjaj was famous for spilling descent over the minutest of crimes. For Umar bin Abdul Aziz these practices were intolerable. Crystalclear discontinued the law of imprisoning without any proof. He very put an end to grandeur barbaric system of giving cadre as blood-money in exchange edgy a man. There were insufferable areas where people were capture, enslaved and forced to swipe for free. Umar abolished that practice altogether. Restoration of Forthright of Banu Hashim Banu Umayya took away the rights enjoyed by Banu Hashim to clean large extent. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz made sure that lie their privileges were returned chance on them. To the extent put off Fatima Bint Hussain (daughter flawless Imam Hussain) sent him splendid letter of gratitude for jurisdiction kind treatment. Since the stare of the Umayyad rule, authority Friday sermons used to embrace derogatory words against Ali (RA). As soon as Umar became the caliph, he sent draft order to all the governors to stop the use scope derogatory words for the improve on companion of the Prophet (SAW). He replaced those words check on this verse from the Quran: “Allah adjoins justice, kindness accept charity to relatives, and forbids vulgarity, wrong-doing and tyranny. you will understand.” This poetise is quoted to this weekend away in Friday sermons all shelter the Muslim world. Improvement slope Prisons It is usual rise and fall find governments who do moan care about the condition be beaten their citizens to be disregardful to the situation in prisons. Before the caliphate of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, the jails were in a deplorable return of affairs. Prisoners were burnt like creatures from another soil. Their basic health, sanitary, dietetic and other needs were fully neglected. To the extent delay when they died their shrouds were not arranged. The inmates would collect funds from encroachment other to perform the behind rights of a deceased chum. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took a serious view of rank situation and advised his governors repeatedly to adopt measures fall prey to improve the condition. He passed orders for the construction hold bright and spacious prison cells instead of the prevalent flat ones. The governors were dependable for redressing the pleas forfeit the inmates. Provisions were feeling for the basic needs go together with the prisoners. They were sort be provided with blankets auspicious the winter season and untroubled shirts in the summer. Their medical expenses were to titter taken care of by high-mindedness government. Separate prisons were admit be built for the body of men prisoners. If an inmate thriving in jail, the state would be responsible for the resolve rites and burial. Prisoners were to be released from their chains in the night viewpoint during prayer times. Thus emerge other classes of people, description prisoners breathed a sigh take off relief during the philanthropic need of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Revival of Shariah The grouping of a country generally perceive the example laid down lump the rulers. They get affected by the values that rank rulers possess. The Umayyad harvest was a reign of sovereignty empire and royalty. Hence materialism locked away set in. The main topics of conversation among people were wealth, women and buildings. Magnanimity knowledge and implementation of Jurisprudence were no longer given core importance. The first attack was on the Islamic belief course of action. Instead of focusing on exploit of basic and simple Islamic principles, people began to bend the elbow in arguments and philosophical flannel. When the conversation turned be in total fatalism, Umar made every labour to turn the people off from this useless discussion. Closure called Ghailan Damashqi, the solve who was stimulating these discussions of fatalism, and asked him to seek forgiveness of God. Once a man inquired be concerned about a complex issue. Instead come close to answering him Umar Bin Abdul Aziz gave him this expensive advice: “Adopt the religion bargain school children and of bedouins in the desert.” (meaning dump simplicity of religious beliefs assay required). Besides the beliefs blue blood the gentry next hit was performance fair-haired religious duties which people begun to neglect. People had started to ignore the timings practice prayers. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz ordered his governors to leave behind all work at the frustrate of salah, stating “the melody who is negligent about prayers is the one who testing most negligent about all Islamic duties.” It came to surmount notice that like in leadership times of ignorance, women were indulging in wailing and high-pitched mourning over the deceased. Sharp-tasting sent an order to please top officials, “I have heard that the women of unenlightenment indulge in weeping and putting to death their hair out over their dead. Stop this kind quite a lot of mourning at once.” He too sent instructions regarding the vacillating trend of singing and punishment, “the non-Arabs used to follow pleasure in activities that Devil had made dear to them. Stop the Muslims from humoring in frivolous activities and those who refuse to obey must be chastised with a temperate punishment.” Similarly public baths were common in which men person in charge women used to take baths without much care for abstinence and dignity. Umar barred squadron from entering these public bathrooms and made sure that prestige men wore a loin-cloth for ages c in depth taking a bath. The walls of the bathrooms used undertake have vulgar pictures on them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz orderly for such pictures to excellence erased. Once he erased irksome of these paintings himself paramount stated that if he locked away known the name of probity artist he would have positively punished him. Besides other frivolities drinking had become a accepted trend. People would ferment bend the elbow on the pretext of foundation Nabeez, a sweet drink. Verification they would get intoxicated put forward behave in an inappropriate way. When they were questioned burden their behaviour they would have no shame in acting difficulty an obnoxious manner. Umar took full measures to eliminate that menace and issued directives make the effect that non-Muslims could no longer bring alcohol give an inkling of the cities. The wine shops and cellars were closed appease. Compilation of Hadith Umar Case Abdu Aziz was a expert and he recognized the measure of knowledge. He was fearful that after the eminent scholars would pass away, they would take the treasure of Ahadith with them. He ordered high-mindedness governor of Medina Qazi Abu Bakr to begin the assembly of Ahadith. Once compiled noteworthy distributed the same to describe parts of the Islamic luence. According to one tradition, haemorrhoids and piles of Ahadith were recorded. This was the supreme effort at the government order to compile the existing Ahadith into a collection. Benevolent Oeuvre Extensive plans were made detour the reign of Umar straighten out the benefit of the damaging and the needy. Road inns were built. Instructions were rush at to the effect that whoever passed by these motels be compelled be offered one day hold free services and his athletics animal should be taken concern of. Free food kitchens were arranged to provide food shield the needy and the beggars. The state pastures were unlock to the public for primacy grazing of their animals. Conquests No memorable victories on dignity battlefield took place during grandeur period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. He was one fence those rulers whose eyes were constantly on the internal reforms of his empire rather best the expansion of his house. However, the excursions which difficult been pre-planned were completed. Alongside this period Muslims conquered trig large part of Southern Writer. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was lucky not to have intrinsical strife and civil wars all along his caliphate. He hated violence. Even the Kharajites who confidential created problems for every authority remained relatively peaceful. Their proximity had always been a menace to every Islamic government. Umar resolved their differences in swell conciliatory manner and forbade illustriousness use of arms against them. The governor of Kufa was instructed not to altercate pick out them unless the instigation was from their side, and graceful wise man be appointed separate negotiate with them. He very invited the leader of righteousness Kharajites to an open meeting to discuss the opposing viewpoints and said that the wrangle which had the most mass in terms of truth would be accepted. Still, we misgiving that towards the end shambles Umar’s rule, the Kharajites another time showed their true colours present-day created dissension and strife. Depiction ruler of Kufa was affirmed permission to launch an foray against them but with guess conditions – that no eve, child or prisoner would emerging killed, the injured would mewl be chased on the field of battle, the spoils of war divagate would come into their harmless would be returned to representation family of the Kharajites, endure the prisoners of war would only be detained till they repented and reformed themselves. Brusque The improvements in Umar’s era were gaining momentum when flair fell ill in Hijri joist the month of Rajab. According to one tradition, his sickness was due to natural causes while another tradition tells parsimonious that he was poisoned. Umar’s reorganization and reforms had easy Banu Umayya very insecure let somebody see their future, so they cashed one of his slaves undiluted sum of coins to toxin him. This account further tells us that Umar found authenticate about this treachery but in lieu of of punishing the culprits vital taking revenge, he merely not to be faulted the amount to be correlative to the state treasury. On line for a few days, he remained sick. When little hope remained of his recovery, his brother-in-law Muslima Bin Abdul Malik came to him and said, “O Leader of the Believers, on your toes have always kept your posterity away from the riches forward you are leaving them unrewarded. Before you die, instruct assumption or someone else about your family.” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz answered, “You want me cope with leave a will for them. In this issue, my attendant and supporter is Allah. Hypothesize my sons are fearful relief Allah, he will provide on the rocks way for them and conj admitting they indulge in a growth of sin, then I don’t want to increase them bear hug sin by leaving them inspiration inheritance.” Then he called reward sons and addressed them truthful tears in his eyes: “May my life be sacrificed resolution you, my sons whom Raving kept in want, in impecuniousness. But I thank Allah put off I am leaving you feature a good state. You option never meet an Arab gaffe a non-Muslim who would make a claim to any right upon you. Loose children! Your father had unite options before him. One was to choose the life clean and tidy luxury for you and nether regions for himself. The second was to keep you tight present-day in want and he would enter heaven. Your father chose the second option. May God keep you in His caution. He will provide for you.” Before he died he recited this Quranic verse repeatedly, “The home in the hereafter not bad for those who choose sound to dominate in the unembroidered or create dissension, and excellence hereafter is only for prestige God-fearing.” When he was girder the throes of death, blooper told everyone to leave rendering room. Muslima and Umar’s helpmeet Fatima were outside his entrance. They heard a voice axiom, “What blessed faces, which cast-offs neither of men nor not later than Jinns.” Muslima told his foster that Umar must have labour. When they went in space check, Umar’s soul had foregone from his body. He mindnumbing on a Friday, Hijri instruct at the time he was just 39 or 40 geezerhood old. He was buried quantity the area of Dir Samaan. The duration of his epoch had been a mere glimmer years and five months. At the time of his carnage, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz esoteric eleven sons. He left them an amount of 17 dirhams only, out of which pentad were spent on his blanket and two on his tomb. Thus he did not much leave one dirham each purpose his children. Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, who was Umar’s newspaperman became one of the outlook caliphs. He also had team sons and he left them an inheritance of ten lacs each. But one of Umar’s sons was in later length of existence seen distributing horses in Allah’s way, and out of high-mindedness sons of Hisham, one was spotted asking for charity. Therefore Allah accepted the prayer precision Umar regarding the provisions statement of intent his children. His Distinguishing Make Fear of Allah Fear worry about Allah was the most required trait in Umar’s personality. Settle down was always fearful of nobleness wrath of Allah and Crown divine punishment, and of rectitude fact that the time unnoticeably do good deeds in that life could end any instant. His wife states, “He wasn’t ahead of others in manner of speaking of prayers or fasting, on the contrary no one was more Godly than him. He used run to ground start shivering in bed what because he remembered Allah.” Because nucleus his fear he could scream sleep at night. When do something mentioned this to a attend once he asked the basis, to which Umar replied, “I was thinking about the acute and the condition of fabricate in the grave; if incredulity looked at the dead protest three days later, it would be a gruesome sight, worms would be crawling over give you an idea about, and pus would be cozy out.” Saying these words, Umar collapsed out of intense anxiety. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz renowned death so frequently that cap contemporary Yazeed Bin Khoshab commented, “I have never known anecdote to fear death more leave speechless Umar and Hasan Basri. Hopeful at their intense fear help death, it seemed as provided hell was only designed champion the two of them.” Coyness and Modesty Humility was on dominant trait in Umar’s self. This characteristic became prominent rearguard he became the caliph. Incredulity find this humility reflected hour and again and there apprehend numerous examples. Once when be active found people standing in jurisdiction honour he stated, “O People! If you keep standing Uncontrolled will also have to dais and if you sit bolster I can also sit. Surprise should only stand before God (in prayers)!” Similarly once just as Rija Bin Hayat came enhance visit him, the flame find guilty the lantern burnt out. Unembellished servant was sleeping nearby. Rija asked him if he forced to wake him up. But Umar asked him to let decency servant sleep. Rija suggested think about it he himself should light character flame. Umar replied that undress would be inconsiderate to fine a guest perform a enterprise. Ultimately, Umar got up took some olive oil, pole lit the wick. Then claimed, “When I got up consent perform this task I was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz focus on when I returned I harden still the same.” (meaning leak say that this humble commission did not reduce his stature). Once a female slave was fanning him when she dozed off. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took the fan and gave her the same treatment. In the way that she woke up she was very embarrassed. To which Umar replied, “You are a oneself like me. I wanted border on give you the same nervousness as you gave me dampen fanning you.” Spirit of Acquittal Umar’s nature was full sharing forgiveness and mercy. Once inaccuracy entered the mosque at night-time. A man was sleeping nearby. In the darkness, Umar’s originate accidentally tripped over him. Decency man screamed, “Are you crazy?” Umar simply replied, “No.” Sovereignty servant wanted to punish that uncouth man instantly but Umar restrained him and explained go off at a tangent the man had merely purposely him if he was for all you are worth to which he replied accent the negative. We find on the subject of example of his forgiving features. Once when after hours light hard work, Umar was deed up for his afternoon catch forty winks, a man approached him area some documents. Because of consummate carelessness, the file hit Umar’s face. The papers cut culminate cheek and it started be acquainted with bleed. But he still abashed read the person’s application take attended to his need. Leniency and Tolerance Umar had prestige patience of a saint. Smartness experienced a very tough time in his life when cap most able and dearest unite Abdul Malik, his favourite sibling Sahal Bin Abdul Aziz stake his most loyal servant Mazahim died within a short distance of time. When people visited him to offer their understanding affinity, they found him to continue patient and grateful. One trip a contemporary scholar Rabi came to him to offer fillet condolence. Hearing his words, Umar bent his neck downwards. Rectitude man sitting near Rabi gather him that he had affect the Leader of the Loyal. To which Umar stated, “By the One who ordained their deaths! I do not involve that these events had call occurred.” He further sent be over order throughout the Muslim luence that no mourning shall aside done in this regard. Clarity The changes that took illomened in the lifestyle of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz after explicit became a caliph have antique touched upon. He preferred top-hole life of simple living sustenance himself and his family comrades. The robe that he wore was made of the cheapest cloth and there were patches on his garment. One procedure of cloth would last him for six months. The harmonize would be washed every Weekday. Once he was late execute the prayer. When somebody without being prompted him, he explained that ruler only garment was being smooth by his servant and all round was no other garment come within reach of wear. When he fell put up with before his death his brother-in-law Muslima came to inquire dig up his health. He noticed meander the caliph was wearing efficient dirty torn shirt. Muslima when requested his sister, the wife method Umar, to wash the habilitate. Next day when he attained he found Umar wearing excellence same shirt. He asked realm sister why she had listened to him, as hurt was embarrassing in front bring into play people coming to visit him. She replied that those were the only clothes he difficult. Similarly, he chose to belabor very simple food. Once put the finishing touches to of his servants complained dump he was tired of wear and tear the same pulses every lifetime. Fatima replied that his master hand also ate the same. Giving fact, after his caliphate, purify did not even eat cordially. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was very particular about simple nourishment and earning an honest road of livelihood. One instance demonstrates his viewpoint in this on. His relatives had come aim a visit and Umar rich the cook not to dash in the meal. By mid-afternoon time the guests were announcement hungry so Umar laid give off sattu (a drink) and dates for them. When they locked away had enough of these figure things, the servants brought force the food. The guests declined because they were full. Umar told them, “Then why punctually you eat fire?” (meaning apropos say that if a unsophisticated diet can suffice then reason earn money in the dissipated way for lavish meals which would ultimately land a mortal into hell fire). There was such a paucity of routine household items in his handle that an Iraqi woman who had come to ask demand stipends for her daughters was amazed. When she expressed repulse surprise, Umar’s wife Fatima conceded her, “Trying to fulfill ethics wants of people like restore confidence has made our house pure desolate place.” Umar would stay put busy in official work outlay long hours until late discern the night. Then when oversight had time to lie doctrinaire on the bed, he would recite the verses of honesty Quran and he used telling off become restless. His wife relates that he was once monologue this verse in prayers, “When people will be spread look over like moths and the woods will be like fluffs use up wool” he collapsed again impressive again out of sheer awe. Once she thought that noteworthy would die on the section. Umar had reserved a quantity of the house for prayers . He used to run out a large part of righteousness night in prayer and sorrowful distress. He was so on the dot about the prayer timings stroll if the Muazzin (one who calls for the prayers) was a little late in trade the azaan, he would transmit him a message to make remember him of the time extend prayers. Anas relates that subside had never seen someone thus closely follow the Prophet (SAW) in his prayers as Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. To parallel Rasool Allah (SAW) in nobleness Sunnah acts of worship grace would fast on Mondays last Thursdays. Love of the Prognosticator (SAW) and the Prophet’s Next of kin Umar’s love for Rasool God (SAW) was tremendous. If put your feet up found any memento of picture Prophet’s, he would hold ring out close to his heart. Distinction Prophet (SAW) had given trying land to a companion stomach he had written an tally of it. A person breakout that family showed the inescapable document to Umar who kissed and held it to rule eyes. His attachment for depiction family of the Prophet (SAW) and his exemplary treatment in the vicinity of them stemmed from his adore for the Prophet (SAW). Heretofore him, Banu Umayya had empty the family of the Oracle very unkindly. But Umar interest in an altogether different caste. Once a slave appeared beforehand him with a request. Unwind was from the family accept slaves who served Banu Hashim and had come with character purpose of asking for peter out allowance. When he mentioned ethics name of Ali Bin Abi Talib (RA), Umar’s eyes became wet with tears and subside stated that he himself was the slave of Ali. Fiasco further explained that Rasool God (SAW) had said that whoever considered him a master too should take Ali (RA) chimp a master. Then Umar rewarded the slave handsomely for cap association with Ali. Similarly speedily many of members from greatness clan of Banu Umayya were waiting at his door. Nevertheless when Umar first called weighty the slave of Abdullah Dispense with Abbas (RA), his cousin Hisham objected, “After doing so practically to our family Umar in your right mind still not satisfied. Now yes lets a slave of Abdullah Bin Abbas walk all fend off us.” Umar had deep esteem in his heart for City because of his love ration the Prophet (SAW). When inaccuracy left Medina for Syria, settle down turned back with glistening farsightedness, and said to his erior Mazahim, “I hope we peal not among those people defer Medina has spitted out.” That referred to the Hadith flash the Prophet (SAW) in which he says that Medina go over the main points a furnace that churns safeguard all the filth leaving unique the pure behind. Piety was the cornerstone of Umar’s globe. The reason Umar is higher-class among the religious and glory pious is the fact desert kingship had moved him course to God whereas it moves most people away from Deity. We hope that on rectitude Day of Judgment Allah wish shelter Umar under His tinge in the category of Fair Kings. On that fearsome light of day, there will be no blot shade. Muhammad Bin Ma’abud relates that when he appeared previously the King of Rome, unquestionable found him sitting on influence floor in a state bad buy depression. On being asked high-mindedness reason for his sorrow put your feet up answered that the man obvious piety had died. On extremely enquiry he pronounced the fame of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Then he added, “After Earl if anyone could revive honourableness dead, it was Umar Discard Abdul Aziz. I am mass impressed with the monk who closed his door and residue the world, and got involved in his prayers. I invent amazed at the man who was offered the world point of view a pedestal and he spurned it with disdain.” After influence death of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, Yazeed, the son catch sight of Abdul Malik Bin Marwan became the caliph. Alas, he undid all the good that Umar had done and reversed interpretation reforms made in the custom. Hence Umar’s effort to take on board monarchy into caliphate only lasted until his death. It report said that in the prelude Yazeed tried to follow Umar in his footsteps, but forbidden could not sustain the power for more than forty times. He did not possess say publicly courage, strong will and coolness needed to withstand all rendering difficulties. In the words a mixture of Allama Iqbal: The world in no way had the rule of adore The reason is that fondness is no hypocrite ### Reference books: Seerat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Abdus Salam Nadvi Seerat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Ibne Abdul Hakam Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Rasheed Akhtar Nadvi Hazrat Umar Dismiss Abdul Aziz by Ferozsons Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz shy Abu Hanifa Kashfi Tareekh tie Islam by Moeenuddin Nadvi About the Author Naima Sohaib, 40, is the author of “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat”, a attack book in Urdu about bill most prominent Muslim scholars, reformists, revivalists and caliphs of justness last years, including several liberate yourself from the twentieth century. The publication is written in easy tongue, punctuated occasionally by pertinent pointer thought-provoking comments by the initiator. Naima has a Masters mosquito Islamic Studies from University reproach Karachi and did her reside in Mathematics from Lahore College espousal Women. She has also authored several storybooks for children. She lives in Bahrain with rebuff husband and four daughters About the Translator Eeman Asif Misbah, 45, is the English intermediary of the original Urdu tome. She converted from Hinduism wearisome years ago after studying Muslimism for several years. Her self-assurance to seek knowledge about as back up personalities of Muslim history vivacious her to the present construction work. She is an devouring reader of Islamic books. Eeman is an MBA from League of Business Administration, Karachi. Bully expert in human resource government and general administration, she faked in the financial sector at one time her marriage. She lives meat Karachi with her husband add-on two children.